Linux命令之exit
用途說(shuō)明
exit命令用于退出當(dāng)前shell,在shell腳本中可以終止當(dāng)前腳本執(zhí)行。
常用參數(shù)
格式:exit n
退出。設(shè)置退出碼為n。(Cause the shell to exit with a status of n.)
格式:exit
退出。退出碼不變,即為最后一個(gè)命令的退出碼。(If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. )
格式:$?
上一個(gè)命令的退出碼。
格式:trap "commands" EXIT
退出時(shí)執(zhí)行commands指定的命令。( A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates.)
退出碼(exit status,或exit code)的約定:
0表示成功(Zero - Success)
非0表示失敗(Non-Zero - Failure)
2表示用法不當(dāng)(Incorrect Usage)
127表示命令沒(méi)有找到(Command Not Found)
126表示不是可執(zhí)行的(Not an executable)
>=128 信號(hào)產(chǎn)生
man 3 exit 寫(xiě)道
The C standard specifies two constants, EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE, that may be passed to exit() to indicate successful or unsuccessful termination, respectively.
以下摘自/usr/include/stdlib.h
#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */ #define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */
BSD試圖對(duì)退出碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。
man 3 exit 寫(xiě)道
BSD has attempted to standardize exit codes; see the file <sysexits.h>.
以下摘自/usr/include/sysexits.h
#define EX_OK 0 /* successful termination */ #define EX__BASE 64 /* base value for error messages */ #define EX_USAGE 64 /* command line usage error */ #define EX_DATAERR 65 /* data format error */ #define EX_NOINPUT 66 /* cannot open input */ #define EX_NOUSER 67 /* addressee unknown */ #define EX_NOHOST 68 /* host name unknown */ #define EX_UNAVAILABLE 69 /* service unavailable */ #define EX_SOFTWARE 70 /* internal software error */ #define EX_OSERR 71 /* system error (e.g., can't fork) */ #define EX_OSFILE 72 /* critical OS file missing */ #define EX_CANTCREAT 73 /* can't create (user) output file */ #define EX_IOERR 74 /* input/output error */ #define EX_TEMPFAIL 75 /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */ #define EX_PROTOCOL 76 /* remote error in protocol */ #define EX_NOPERM 77 /* permission denied */ #define EX_CONFIG 78 /* configuration error */ #define EX__MAX 78 /* maximum listed value */
使用示例
示例一 退出當(dāng)前shell
[root@new55 ~]# [root@new55 ~]# exit logout
示例二 在腳本中,進(jìn)入腳本所在目錄,否則退出
Bash代碼
cd $(dirname $0) || exit 1
示例三 在腳本中,判斷參數(shù)數(shù)量,不匹配就打印使用方式,退出
if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then
echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>"
exit 2
fi
示例四 在腳本中,退出時(shí)刪除臨時(shí)文件
trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT
示例五 檢查上一命令的退出碼
./mycommand.sh
EXCODE=$?
if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then
echo "O.K"
fi
問(wèn)題思考
相關(guān)資料
【1】91linux Linux exit 命令 【2】曲徑通幽 [概念]exit n 【3】Linux大學(xué) Bash Shell Exit Status Tutorial with Practical Examples
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