題目來源于：http://blog.csdn.net/lifetragedy/article/details/10305735

/*下面是一個基于圖書系統的15道SQL問答，供大家參考

問題描述：

本題用到下面三個關系表：

T_CARD 借書卡。 CNO 卡號，NAME 姓名，CLASS 班級

T_BOOKS 圖書。 BNO 書號，BNAME 書名,AUTHOR 作者，PRICE 單價，QUANTITY 庫存冊數

T_BORROW 借書記錄。 CNO 借書卡號，BNO 書號，RDATE 還書日期

備注：限定每人每種書只能借一本；庫存冊數隨借書、還書而改變。

要求實現如下15個處理：

*/

--1． 寫出建立T_BORROW表的SQL語句，要求定義主碼完整性約束和引用完整性約束。

/*

create table T_CARD

(

cno number(10) primary key,

name varchar2(100),

class varchar2(100)

);

create table T_BOOKS

(

bno number(10) primary key,

name varchar2(100),

author varchar2(100),

price number(10,2),

quantity number(10)

);

create table T_BORROW

(

cno number(10),

bno number(10),

rdate date

);

alter table T_BORROW

add constraint borrow_pk primary key (cno, bno);

alter table T_BORROW

add constraint boorow_fk_cno foreign key (cno) references T_CARD(cno);

alter table T_BORROW

add constraint boorow_fk_bno foreign key (bno) references T_BOOKS(bno);

insert into T_CARD VALUES(1, 'bryant', 'class_1');

insert into T_CARD VALUES(2, 'foxus', 'class_1');

insert into T_CARD VALUES(3, 'ennel', 'class_2');

insert into T_CARD VALUES(4, 'keliy', 'class_3');

insert into T_CARD VALUES(5, 'cinal', 'class_2');

insert into T_CARD VALUES(6, 'oopp', 'class_3');

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(1, 'Chinese Book', 'Mr.mao', 35.8, 20);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(2, 'Math Book', 'Mr.xiao', 55.4, 20);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(3, 'English Book', 'Mr.li', 22.6, 20);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(4, 'Computer Book', 'Mr.yang', 78.8, 15);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(5, 'Music Book', 'Mr.wang', 25.3, 15);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(6, 'History Book', 'Mr.mao', 40.8, 12);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(7, 'Physics Book', 'Mr.tang', 46.6, 10);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(8, 'Chemistry Book', 'Mr.zou', 33.9, 10);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(9, 'Biology Book', 'Mr.tu', 23, 10);

INSERT INTO T_BOOKS VALUES(10, 'Political Book', 'Mr.ke', 36.2, 10);

insert into T_BORROW values(1, 1, to_date('2015-5-21', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(2, 1, to_date('2015-5-21', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(3, 3, to_date('2015-5-28', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(4, 8, to_date('2015-6-21', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(5, 4, to_date('2015-5-11', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(6, 10, to_date('2015-5-31', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(1, 9, to_date('2015-6-10', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(2, 3, to_date('2015-7-2', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(3, 5, to_date('2015-6-5', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(4, 6, to_date('2015-6-2', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(5, 9, to_date('2015-5-22', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(6, 1, to_date('2015-6-1', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(1, 3, to_date('2015-6-1', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(2, 4, to_date('2015-6-15', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(3, 8, to_date('2015-5-15', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(4, 10, to_date('2015-6-22', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(5, 7, to_date('2015-6-13', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(6, 6, to_date('2015-5-18', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(1, 8, to_date('2015-5-19', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(2, 9, to_date('2015-5-20', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(3, 6, to_date('2015-6-15', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(4, 2, to_date('2015-6-15', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

insert into T_BORROW values(5, 2, to_date('2015-6-15', 'yyyy-MM-dd'));

調整庫存數

update T_BOOKS b set b.quantity=b.quantity-(select count(*) from T_BORROW where bno=b.bno);

*/

-- 2． 找出借書超過3本的讀者,輸出借書卡號及所借圖書冊數。

select cno, count(*) cs from t_borrow br group by cno having count(*) > 3;

--3． 查詢借閱了"Chinese Book"一書的讀者，輸出姓名及班級。

select c.cno,c.name cname, c.class classname from t_card c, t_books b, t_borrow bo where c.cno=bo.cno and b.bno=bo.bno and b.name='Chinese Book';

--4． 查詢過期未還圖書，輸出借閱者(卡號)、書號及還書日期。

select cno, bno, rdate from t_borrow where rdate

--5． 查詢書名包括"Chinese"關鍵詞的圖書，輸出書號、書名、作者。

select bno, name, author from t_books where name like '%Chinese%';

--6． 查詢現有圖書中價格最高的圖書，輸出書名及作者。

select name, author from t_books where price =(select max(price) from t_books);

--7． 查詢當前借了"Chinese Book"但沒有借"English Book"的讀者，輸出其借書卡號，并按卡號降序排序輸出。

select cno from t_borrow br2 where exists

(select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where b.name='Chinese Book' and br.bno=b.bno and br.cno=br2.cno)

and not exists

(select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where b.name='English Book' and br.bno=b.bno and br.cno=br2.cno)

group by cno order by cno desc;

select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where b.name='Chinese Book' and br.bno=b.bno

intersect

select cno from t_borrow where cno not in (select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where b.name='English Book' and br.bno=b.bno) group by cno;

select br.cno from t_borrow br, t_books bk where br.bno=bk.bno and bk.name='Chinese Book' and not exists

(select * from t_borrow br1, t_books bk1 where br1.bno=bk1.bno and bk1.name='English Book' and br.cno=br1.cno)

order by br.cno desc;

-- 8． 將"class_1"班同學所借圖書的還期都延長一周。

update t_borrow br set br.rdate = br.rdate+7 where exists (select cno from t_card where class='class_1' and cno=br.cno);

-- 9． 從T_BOOKS表中刪除當前無人借閱的圖書記錄。

delete t_books b where not exists (select bno from t_borrow where bno=b.bno);

-- 10．如果經常按書名查詢圖書信息，請建立合適的索引。

create index index_t_books_name on t_books(name);

--11．在BORROW表上建立一個觸發器，完成如下功能：如果讀者借閱的書名是"Computer Book"，

--就將該讀者的借閱記錄保存在BORROW_SAVE表中(注ORROW_SAVE表結構同BORROW表)。

create table T_BORROW_SAVE(cno number(10),bno number(10), rdate date);

create or replace trigger trg_borrow

after insert

on t_borrow

for each row

begin

if :new.bno=4 then

insert into t_borrow_save (cno, bno, rdate)

values(:new.cno, :new.bno, :new.rdate);

end if;

end;

drop trigger trg_borrow;

insert into t_borrow values(3, 4, sysdate);

select * from t_borrow where cno=3;

select * from t_borrow_save ;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_del_emp

BEFORE DELETE --指定觸發時機為刪除操作前觸發

ON scott.emp

FOR EACH ROW --說明創建的是行級觸發器

BEGIN

--將修改前數據插入到日志記錄表 del_emp ,以供監督使用。

INSERT INTO emp_his(deptno , empno, ename , job ,mgr , sal , comm , hiredate )

VALUES( :old.deptno, :old.empno, :old.ename , :old.job,:old.mgr, :old.sal, :old.comm, :old.hiredate );

END;

DELETE emp WHERE empno=7788;

DROP TABLE emp_his;

DROP TRIGGER del_emp;

-- 12．建立一個視圖，顯示"力01"班學生的借書信息(只要求顯示姓名和書名)。

create view view_t_borrow as

select c.name cname, b.name bname from t_borrow br, t_card c, t_books b where br.cno=c.cno and br.bno=b.bno and c.class='class_1';

select * from view_t_borrow;

--13. 查詢當前同時借有"Computer Book"和"Math Book"兩本書的讀者，輸出其借書卡號，并按卡號升序排序輸出。

select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where br.bno=b.bno and b.name='Computer Book'

intersect

select cno from t_borrow br, t_books b where br.bno=b.bno and b.name='Math Book' order by cno;

SELECT a.CNO FROM T_BORROW a, T_BOOKS b WHERE a.BNO = b.BNO

AND b.NAME IN ('Computer Book', 'Math Book')

GROUP BY a.CNO

HAVING COUNT(*) = 2

ORDER BY a.CNO DESC

--14．假定在建BOOKS表時沒有定義主碼，寫出為BOOKS表追加定義主碼的語句。

alter table t_books

add constraint pk_t_books primary key (bno);

/*15．對CARD表做如下修改：

a. 將NAME最大列寬增加到10個字符(假定原為6個字符)。

b. 為該表增加1列NAME(系名)，可變長，最大20個字符。

*/

alter table T_card

modify name varchar2(50);

alter table T_card

add name1 varchar2(20);

alter table t_Card

drop column name1;

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