最近幾天，產品上線比較多，從內網測試庫導出表的部分內容到線上也就比平時頻繁多了，這時候可能會出現主鍵沖突：

Error Code : 1062

Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'

總結下，三種解決方案來避免出錯

1.insert ignore into

遇主鍵沖突，保持原紀錄

mysql> select * from device ;

+-------+--------+-------------+

| devid | status | spec_char

|

+-------+--------+-------------+

|

1 | dead?? | zhonghuaren |

|

2 | dead?? |

zhong

|

+-------+--------+-------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into device values

(1,'alive','yangting');

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'

mysql> insert ignore? into device

values (1,'alive','yangting');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from device ;

+-------+--------+-------------+

| devid | status | spec_char

|

+-------+--------+-------------+

|

1 | dead?? | zhonghuaren |

|

2 | dead?? |

zhong

|

+-------+--------+-------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可見 insert ignore

into當遇到主鍵沖突時，不跟改原紀錄，也不報錯

2：REPLACE into

遇主鍵沖突，替換原紀錄，即

先刪除原紀錄，后insert 新紀錄

mysql> replace? into device values

(1,'alive','yangting');

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from device ;

+-------+--------+-----------+

| devid | status | spec_char |

+-------+--------+-----------+

|

1 | alive? | yangting? |

|

2 | dead?? |

zhong

|

+-------+--------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3：INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

其實這個是原本需要執行3條SQL語句(SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE)，縮減為1條語句即可完成。

即

IF (SELECT * FROM where 存在) {

UPDATE? SET? WHERE ;

} else {

INSERT INTO;

}

如：mysql> insert into device values

(1,'readonly','yang') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE status

='drain';

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

上面語句偽代碼表示即為

if (select * from device where devid=1)

{ update device set status ='drain' where devid=1

}else {insert into device values (1,'readonly','yang')}

很明顯，devid=1

是有的，這樣就執行update操作

mysql> select * from device ;

+-------+--------+-----------+

| devid | status | spec_char |

+-------+--------+-----------+

|

1 | drain? | yangting? |

|

2 | dead?? |

zhong

|

+-------+--------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

測試表：

CREATE TABLE `device` (

`devid` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`status` enum('alive','dead','down','readonly','drain') DEFAULT

NULL,

`spec_char` varchar(11) DEFAULT '0',

PRIMARY KEY (`devid`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB

總結

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