轉(zhuǎn)載地址:https://www.jianshu.com/p/f05bbd5007d9

curl是一種命令行工具，作用是發(fā)出網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求，然后獲取數(shù)據(jù)，顯示在“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出”(stdout)上面。它支持多種協(xié)議，下面列舉其常用功能。

一、查看網(wǎng)頁(yè)源碼

直接在curl命令后加上網(wǎng)址，就可以看到網(wǎng)頁(yè)源碼。以網(wǎng)址www.sina.com為例（選擇該網(wǎng)址，主要因?yàn)樗木W(wǎng)頁(yè)代碼較短）。

如果要把這個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)保存下來(lái)，可以使用-o參數(shù):

二、自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)

? 有的網(wǎng)址是自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)的。使用-L參數(shù)，curl就會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)到新的網(wǎng)址。

鍵入上面的命令，結(jié)果自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)為www.sina.com.cn。

三、顯示頭信息

-i參數(shù)可以顯示http response的頭信息，連同網(wǎng)頁(yè)代碼一起。-I參數(shù)則只顯示http response的頭信息。

四、顯示通信過(guò)程

-v 參數(shù)可以顯示一次http通信的整個(gè)過(guò)程，包括端口連接和http response頭信息。

如果覺(jué)得上面的信息還不夠，那么下面的命令可以查看更詳細(xì)的通信過(guò)程。

或者

運(yùn)行后，打開(kāi)output.txt文件查看

五、發(fā)送表單信息

發(fā)送表單信息有GET和POST兩種方法。GET方法相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，只要把數(shù)據(jù)附在網(wǎng)址后面就行。

POST方法必須把數(shù)據(jù)和網(wǎng)址分開(kāi)，curl就要用到--data或者-d參數(shù)。

如果你的數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)表單編碼，還可以讓curl為你編碼，參數(shù)是--data-urlencode。

六、HTTP動(dòng)詞

curl默認(rèn)的HTTP動(dòng)詞是GET，使用-x參數(shù)可以支持其他動(dòng)詞。

七、User Agent字段

這個(gè)字段是用來(lái)表示客戶端的設(shè)備信息。服務(wù)器有時(shí)會(huì)根據(jù)這個(gè)字段，針對(duì)不同設(shè)備，返回不同格式的網(wǎng)頁(yè)，比如手機(jī)版和桌面版。

瀏覽器的User Agent是:

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.84 Safari/537.36

curl還可以這樣模擬:

八、cookie

使用--cookie參數(shù)，可以讓curl發(fā)送cookie。

至于具體的cookie的值，可以從http response頭信息的Set-Cookie字段中得到。

九、增加頭信息

有時(shí)需要在http request之中，自行增加一個(gè)頭信息。--header參數(shù)就可以起到這個(gè)作用。

十、HTTP認(rèn)證

有些網(wǎng)域需要HTTP認(rèn)證，這時(shí)curl需要用到--user或者-u參數(shù)。

附錄curl命令完整的參數(shù)

$ curl --help Usage: curl [options...] <url> Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only--anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H)-a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)--cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)--capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL)--compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)-K, --config FILE Specify which config file to read--connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection-C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset-b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H)-c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H)--create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy--crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload--crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file-d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H)--data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H)--data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H)--data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H)--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission--digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)--disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)--disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F)--dns-servers DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2--dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests--dns-ipv4-addr IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation--dns-ipv6-addr IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation-D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file--egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL)--engine ENGINE Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list-f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)-F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--ftp-account DATA Account data string (F)--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F)--ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)--ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)-P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)--ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F)--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)-G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)-g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []-H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H)-I, --head Show document info only-h, --help This help text--hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)-0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H)--http1.1 Use HTTP 1.1 (H)--http2.0 Use HTTP 2.0 (H)--ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header-i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)-k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)--interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use-4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address-6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)--keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes--key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH)--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)--libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line--limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate-l, --list-only List only mode (F/POP3)--local-port RANGE Force use of these local port numbers-L, --location Follow redirects (H)--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)-M, --manual Display the full manual--mail-from FROM Mail from this address (SMTP)--mail-rcpt TO Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)--mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email (SMTP)--max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F)--max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)-m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer--metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file--negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)-n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n--netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use-N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream--no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection--no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)--noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy--ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)--oauth2-bearer TOKEN OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout--pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)--post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)--post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)--post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)-#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar--proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols--proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)--proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port-p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)--pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH)-Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)--random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL)-r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range--raw Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)-e, --referer Referer URL (H)-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)-O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs-R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output-X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS--retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each--retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period--sasl-ir Enable initial response in SASL authentication-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur-s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything--socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port--socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port--socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy--socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi--socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server-Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs-y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30--ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)--ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL)-3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL)--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)--stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout--tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option--tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)-z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition-1, --tlsv1 Use TLSv1 (SSL)--trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file--trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output--trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output--tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H)-T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination--url URL URL to work with-B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD][;OPTIONS] Server user, password and login options--tlsuser USER TLS username--tlspassword STRING TLS password--tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP)-A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H)-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative-V, --version Show version number and quit-w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion--xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes-q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc

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