Redhat 6.2安装Oracle 11gclient及遇到的问题分析
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Redhat 6.2安装Oracle 11gclient及遇到的问题分析
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昨天在Redhat6.2(64 bit)上安裝oracle 11.2.0.1.0 client(32 bit)，下面是安裝中碰到的一些問題及處理過程記錄
首先解壓縮安裝包，會生成一個client文件夾,執行runInstaller時報錯，錯誤例如以下:
[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ ls -l total 627612 drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall ? ? ?4096 Aug 19 ?2009 client -rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 642016988 Jul ?7 14:53?linux_11gR2_client.zip drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall ? ? 16384 Jul ?7 11:01 lost+found [oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ cd client/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ls -l total 28 drwxr-xr-x. ?8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 ?2009 doc drwxr-xr-x. ?4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 install drwxrwxr-x. ?2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 response -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall 4356 Aug 14 ?2009?runInstaller drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 stage -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 3891 Aug 18 ?2009 welcome.html
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ./runInstaller? Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. ? Actual 11574 MB ? ?Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. ? Actual 8191 MB ? ?Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. ? ?Actual 16777216 ? ?Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647) at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:769) at java.lang.System.load(System.java:968) at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1668) at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:822) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:993) at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1509) at java.awt.Toolkit.<clinit>(Toolkit.java:1530) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242) at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783) at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480) at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181) at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:85) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:95)
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ cd /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_04-07-33PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ ls -l total 3276 -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 3149094 May ?6 ?2009 libmawt_g.so -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall ?200888 May ?6 ?2009?libmawt.so [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
能夠看到libmawt.so是有的，因為操作系統是64位的。之前也裝了64位的libXert包，可是仍然報找不到libXext.so.6
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libXext ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libXext-devel ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%]
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]# rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686 libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686
最后將32位的libXext包也安裝上才得以解決，并順利進入圖形界面
在圖形界面中報了一個OS內核設置錯誤。能夠以root執行runfixup.sh腳本自己主動修復。pdksh-5.2.14這個包能夠忽略，Swap Size也能夠忽略
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]#?/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log Setting Kernel Parameters... kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
然后依據提示運行orainstRoot.sh腳本賦予文件夾權限
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]#?/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh? Changing permissions of /oracle/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete.
加入環境變量時注意，因為之前安裝的是InstantClient模式，所以在ORACLE_HOME中并沒有bin文件夾和lib文件夾。因此指定PATH的時候是$ORACLE_HOME而不是$ORACLE_HOME/bin,以及LD_LIBRARY_PATH是$ORACLE_HOME，而不是$ORACLE_HOME/lib
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle export?ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/client_1 export?PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME export?LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ source ~/.bash_profile [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:?libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ls -l total 145060 -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?21865 Aug 13 ?2009 adrci drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:50 cfgtoollogs drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 install -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? ? 37 Jul ?8 09:49 install.platform drwxrwx---. 13 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 inventory -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 40088477 Aug 13 ?2009 libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?11227 Jul 31 ?2009 libheteroxa11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?6986848 Aug ?2 ?2009 libnnz11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1879549 Aug 13 ?2009 libocci.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 89377610 Aug 13 ?2009 libociei.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 152304 Jul 31 ?2009 libocijdbc11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1501651 Aug ?1 ?2009 libsqlplusic.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1218075 Aug ?1 ?2009?libsqlplus.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 777979 Aug 13 ?2009 libsqora.so.11.1 drwxr-xr-x. ?2 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 light drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 odbc -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1996228 Jul 31 ?2009 ojdbc5.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?2111220 Jul 31 ?2009 ojdbc6.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1656280 Aug ?2 ?2009 orai18n.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?82983 Aug ?2 ?2009 orai18n-mapping.jar -rw-r-----. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? ? 55 Jul ?8 09:48 oraInst.loc -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? 6909 Aug ?1 ?2009 sqlplus -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 377507 Aug 13 ?2009 wrc -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?37807 Aug 13 ?2009 xstreams.jar
此處假設提示找不到libsqlplus.so文件，并非由于缺少包，而是由于沒有指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH環境變量。或是指定錯了位置（指定到了$ORALCE_HOME/lib下）
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$?ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00322000) libsqlplus.so =>?not found libclntsh.so.11.1 =>?not found libnnz11.so =>?not found libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found
此時會發現有4個庫文件為“not found”狀態。而一旦LD_LIBRARY_PATH環境變量配置正確。上面3個庫文件就會鏈接正常，例如以下：
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:?libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ which sqlplus /oracle/client_1/sqlplus [oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ cd /oracle/client_1/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$?ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00322000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x003ac000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a23000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x004f8000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found
如今僅僅剩下libio.so.1這個庫文件無法正常鏈接，事實上也是由于缺少安裝包，眼下也僅安裝了64位的包
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
曾嘗試直接從別的11g庫(64 bit)中將libaio.so.1文件復制到/oracle/client_1文件夾下，運行sqlplus時會報下面錯誤： sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# pwd /mnt/Server/Packages [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# ls -l |grep libaio -r--r--r--. 201 root root ? ?21664 Aug 17 ?2010?libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 149 root root ? ?21752 Aug 17 ?2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r--. 173 root root ? ?13580 Aug 17 ?2010?libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 128 root root ? ?13516 Aug 17 ?2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libaio?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libaio-devel?? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) [oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$?ldd `which sqlplus` linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00747000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x002c0000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a31000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x00c35000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00f51000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00110000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0013a000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00a62000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00498000) libaio.so.1 => /lib/libaio.so.1 (0x009b0000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:53:30 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. ?All rights reserved.
ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
Enter user-name:?
這是因為還未配置tnsnames.ora，使用/nolog登陸就不會報錯
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:56:19 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. ?All rights reserved.
SQL>?
至此。Oracle 11gclient順利安裝完成，整個過程能夠發現，出現的一些問題主要還是因為缺少安裝包造成的。當然，環境變量配置不當也是一部分原因。
首先解壓縮安裝包，會生成一個client文件夾,執行runInstaller時報錯，錯誤例如以下:
[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ ls -l total 627612 drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall ? ? ?4096 Aug 19 ?2009 client -rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 642016988 Jul ?7 14:53?linux_11gR2_client.zip drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall ? ? 16384 Jul ?7 11:01 lost+found [oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ cd client/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ls -l total 28 drwxr-xr-x. ?8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 ?2009 doc drwxr-xr-x. ?4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 install drwxrwxr-x. ?2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 response -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall 4356 Aug 14 ?2009?runInstaller drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 ?2009 stage -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 3891 Aug 18 ?2009 welcome.html
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ./runInstaller? Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. ? Actual 11574 MB ? ?Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. ? Actual 8191 MB ? ?Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. ? ?Actual 16777216 ? ?Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647) at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:769) at java.lang.System.load(System.java:968) at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1668) at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:822) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:993) at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1509) at java.awt.Toolkit.<clinit>(Toolkit.java:1530) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source) at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242) at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783) at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480) at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164) at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181) at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:85) at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:95)
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ cd /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_04-07-33PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ ls -l total 3276 -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 3149094 May ?6 ?2009 libmawt_g.so -rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall ?200888 May ?6 ?2009?libmawt.so [oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
能夠看到libmawt.so是有的，因為操作系統是64位的。之前也裝了64位的libXert包，可是仍然報找不到libXext.so.6
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libXext ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libXext-devel ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%]
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]# rpm -qa|grep libXext libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686 libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686
最后將32位的libXext包也安裝上才得以解決，并順利進入圖形界面
在圖形界面中報了一個OS內核設置錯誤。能夠以root執行runfixup.sh腳本自己主動修復。pdksh-5.2.14這個包能夠忽略，Swap Size也能夠忽略
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]#?/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log Setting Kernel Parameters... kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
然后依據提示運行orainstRoot.sh腳本賦予文件夾權限
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]#?/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh? Changing permissions of /oracle/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete.
加入環境變量時注意，因為之前安裝的是InstantClient模式，所以在ORACLE_HOME中并沒有bin文件夾和lib文件夾。因此指定PATH的時候是$ORACLE_HOME而不是$ORACLE_HOME/bin,以及LD_LIBRARY_PATH是$ORACLE_HOME，而不是$ORACLE_HOME/lib
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle export?ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/client_1 export?PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME export?LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ source ~/.bash_profile [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:?libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ls -l total 145060 -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?21865 Aug 13 ?2009 adrci drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:50 cfgtoollogs drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 install -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? ? 37 Jul ?8 09:49 install.platform drwxrwx---. 13 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 inventory -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 40088477 Aug 13 ?2009 libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?11227 Jul 31 ?2009 libheteroxa11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?6986848 Aug ?2 ?2009 libnnz11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1879549 Aug 13 ?2009 libocci.so.11.1 -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall 89377610 Aug 13 ?2009 libociei.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 152304 Jul 31 ?2009 libocijdbc11.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1501651 Aug ?1 ?2009 libsqlplusic.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1218075 Aug ?1 ?2009?libsqlplus.so -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 777979 Aug 13 ?2009 libsqora.so.11.1 drwxr-xr-x. ?2 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 light drwxr-xr-x. ?3 oracle oinstall ? ? 4096 Jul ?8 09:49 odbc -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1996228 Jul 31 ?2009 ojdbc5.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?2111220 Jul 31 ?2009 ojdbc6.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ?1656280 Aug ?2 ?2009 orai18n.jar -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?82983 Aug ?2 ?2009 orai18n-mapping.jar -rw-r-----. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? ? 55 Jul ?8 09:48 oraInst.loc -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ? 6909 Aug ?1 ?2009 sqlplus -rwxr-xr-x. ?1 oracle oinstall ? 377507 Aug 13 ?2009 wrc -rw-r--r--. ?1 oracle oinstall ? ?37807 Aug 13 ?2009 xstreams.jar
此處假設提示找不到libsqlplus.so文件，并非由于缺少包，而是由于沒有指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH環境變量。或是指定錯了位置（指定到了$ORALCE_HOME/lib下）
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$?ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00322000) libsqlplus.so =>?not found libclntsh.so.11.1 =>?not found libnnz11.so =>?not found libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found
此時會發現有4個庫文件為“not found”狀態。而一旦LD_LIBRARY_PATH環境變量配置正確。上面3個庫文件就會鏈接正常，例如以下：
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:?libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ which sqlplus /oracle/client_1/sqlplus [oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ cd /oracle/client_1/ [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$?ldd sqlplus linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00322000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x003ac000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a23000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x004f8000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) libaio.so.1 => not found
如今僅僅剩下libio.so.1這個庫文件無法正常鏈接，事實上也是由于缺少安裝包，眼下也僅安裝了64位的包
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
曾嘗試直接從別的11g庫(64 bit)中將libaio.so.1文件復制到/oracle/client_1文件夾下，運行sqlplus時會報下面錯誤： sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# pwd /mnt/Server/Packages [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# ls -l |grep libaio -r--r--r--. 201 root root ? ?21664 Aug 17 ?2010?libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 149 root root ? ?21752 Aug 17 ?2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm -r--r--r--. 173 root root ? ?13580 Aug 17 ?2010?libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm -r--r--r--. 128 root root ? ?13516 Aug 17 ?2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libaio?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm? Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%] ? ?1:libaio-devel?? ? ? ? ? ########################################### [100%] [root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686) [oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$?ldd `which sqlplus` linux-gate.so.1 => ?(0x00747000) libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x002c0000) libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a31000) libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x00c35000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00f51000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00110000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0013a000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00a62000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00498000) libaio.so.1 => /lib/libaio.so.1 (0x009b0000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000) [oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:53:30 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. ?All rights reserved.
ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
Enter user-name:?
這是因為還未配置tnsnames.ora，使用/nolog登陸就不會報錯
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:56:19 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. ?All rights reserved.
SQL>?
至此。Oracle 11gclient順利安裝完成，整個過程能夠發現，出現的一些問題主要還是因為缺少安裝包造成的。當然，環境變量配置不當也是一部分原因。
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangykaifa/p/7219494.html
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