服務器

Linux 6下安裝編譯安裝Nginx的步驟

前言：

Nginx是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器，也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP服務器。在高連接并發的情況下，Nginx是Apache服務器不錯的替代品：Nginx在美國是做虛擬主機生意的老板們經常選擇的軟件平臺之一。能夠支持高達50,000個并發連接數的響應，而且內存開銷極小。這也是Nginx廣受歡迎的重要原因。本文演示了基于Linux 6下編譯安裝Nginx，供大家參考。

一、安裝環境

# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)
Kernel \\r on an \\m
# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.0

二、配置安裝環境

###為簡化安裝及配置，此處關閉了防火墻，生產環境建議開啟
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off

# vi /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

###創建用戶及組
#groupadd -r nginx
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx -r nginx

###安裝環境依賴包 http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html
# yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++

三、編譯及安裝Nginx

# cd /tmp/
# tar -xvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
# cd /nginx-1.8.0
# ./configure           \\
--prefix=/etc/nginx                     \\
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx                 \\
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf              \\
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log          \\
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log          \\
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid                \\
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock               \\
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp  \\
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp      \\
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp    \\
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp      \\
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp       \\
--user=nginx                         \\
--group=nginx                        \\
--with-http_ssl_module                    \\
--with-http_realip_module                  \\
--with-http_addition_module                 \\
--with-http_sub_module                    \\
--with-http_dav_module                    \\
--with-http_flv_module                    \\
--with-http_mp4_module                    \\
--with-http_gunzip_module                  \\
--with-http_gzip_static_module                \\
--with-http_random_index_module               \\
--with-http_secure_link_module                \\
--with-http_stub_status_module                \\
--with-http_auth_request_module               \\
--with-mail                         \\
--with-mail_ssl_module                    \\
--with-file-aio                       \\
--with-http_spdy_module                   \\
--with-ipv6                         

Configuration summary
 + using system PCRE library
 + using system OpenSSL library
 + md5: using OpenSSL library
 + sha1: using OpenSSL library
 + using system zlib library

 nginx path prefix: /etc/nginx
 nginx binary file: /usr/sbin/nginx
 nginx configuration prefix: /etc/nginx
 nginx configuration file: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 nginx pid file: /var/run/nginx.pid
 nginx error log file: /var/log/nginx/error.log
 nginx http access log file: /var/log/nginx/access.log
 nginx http client request body temporary files: /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
 nginx http proxy temporary files: /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
 nginx http fastcgi temporary files: /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
 nginx http uwsgi temporary files: /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
 nginx http scgi temporary files: /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp

###如果apache httpd服務啟動，建議先停止或更改端口號
# service httpd stop
# mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/{client_temp,proxy_temp,fastcgi_temp,uwsgi_temp,scgi_temp}
# make && make install

###啟動nginx
# /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# ps -ef|grep nginx|grep -v grep
root   33412   1 0 10:18 ?    00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx   33413 33412 0 10:18 ?    00:00:00 nginx: worker process

[root@orasrv1 cache]# netstat -nltp|grep 80
tcp    0   0 0.0.0.0:80         0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   33412/nginx     
[root@orasrv1 cache]# 

四、配置nginx為系統服務

vi /etc/init.d/nginx 

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \\
#        proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# Author : Leshami
# Blog  : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami      
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#path for nginx binary
nginxd=/usr/sbin/nginx

#path for nginx configuration
nginx_config=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#path for nginx pid
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog=nginx
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = no ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
  echo nginx already running....
  exit 1
fi
  echo -n $Starting $prog: 
  daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
  return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
    echo -n $Stopping $prog: 
    killproc $nginxd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
  echo -n $Reloading $prog: 
  #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
  killproc $nginxd -HUP
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
}
# See how we were called.
case $1 in
start)
    start
    ;;
stop)
    stop
    ;;
reload)
    reload
    ;;
restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
status)
    status $prog
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
*)
    echo $Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}
    exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/nginx 

# service nginx start
Starting nginx:                      [ OK ]

# ps -ef|grep nginx |grep -v grep
root   33534   1 0 10:33 ?    00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx   33535 33534 0 10:33 ?    00:00:00 nginx: worker process  

# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                      [ OK ]

# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on

五、安裝過程中的常見故障

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
### 以上2個錯誤，請安裝相應的依賴包，見本文第二部分：配置安裝環境

# /usr/sbin/nginx 
nginx: [emerg] getpwnam(nginx) failed
### 需要創建nginx用戶組及用戶

# /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx: [emerg] mkdir() /var/cache/nginx/client_temp failed (2: No such file or directory)
### 需要創建對應的目錄

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