Time:??? 2.7 hours
Timespan: May 19 – May 20, 2012
Enrique Estellés-Arolas and Fernando González-Ladrón-De-Guevara. 2012. Towards an integrated crowdsourcing definition. J. Inf. Sci. 38, 2 (April 2012), 189-200.

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??? 這篇論文專注與研究“Crowdsourcing”這個詞的概念，像許多新興的詞語（比如“Cloud Computing”)， 不同的研究機(jī)構(gòu)和人員對此都有自己的視角和定義，很難產(chǎn)生一個統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，本文試圖從現(xiàn)有眾多"Crowdsourcing"的概念中提取出共性，并給出一個"exhaustive & consistent"的概念，研究方法如下(S2)：

系統(tǒng)地收集現(xiàn)有資料：采用了Delgado的方法，從六個數(shù)據(jù)庫中采集(ACM, IEEE, ScienceDirect, SAGE, SPringerLink, Emerald)。

抽取出"differentia specifica"：采用Tatarkiewicz、Cosma、Joy的方法，抽取出共有特性。

提出眾包定義：根據(jù)抽取出的"differentia specifica"，提出作者自己的概念。

驗(yàn)證：對于各個實(shí)際系統(tǒng)，列出它們的"differentia specifica"的值，檢查是否能有效區(qū)分出眾包系統(tǒng)。

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下表是本文抽取出的8個"differentia specifica"，以及本文的結(jié)論：

序號	問題	本文結(jié)論
a	Who forms the crowd	a group of individuals whose characteristics of number, heterogeneity and knowledge will be determined by the requirements of the crowdsourcing initiative.
b	What the crowd has to do	the crowd will need to carry out the resolution of a problem through the undertaking of a task of variable complexity and modularity that will imply the voluntary contribution of their work, money, knowledge and/or experience.
c	What does the crowd get in return	satisfaction of? given necessity, whether it be econnomic, social recognition, self-esteem or the development of individual skills
d	Who is the initiator (crowdsourcer)	can be any given entity that has the means to carry out the initiative considered, whether it is a company, institution, non-profit organization or an individual
e	What the initiator gets in return	obtain the solution to the problem via the fulfilment of a given action or task by the crowd.
f	What type of process it is	a participative distributed online process that allows the undertaking of a task for the resolution of a problem
g	What type of call to user	a flexible open call
h	Which medium is used	internet

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綜合以上的結(jié)論，本文提出的"Crowdsourcing"的概念如下：

• Crowdsourcing is
  [類型] a type of participative online activity
  [發(fā)起人類別] in which an individual, an? institution, a non-profit organization, or company
  [參與者情況] proposes to a group of individuals of varying knowledge, heterogeneity, and number,
  [途徑] via a flexible open call,
  [自愿性] the voluntary undertaking of a task.
  • [詳述任務(wù)情況]
    The undertaking of the task,
    of variable complexity and modularity,
    and in which the crowd should participate bring their work, money, knowledge and/or experience,
    always entail mutual benefit.
    • [詳述對雙方的好處]
      The user will receive the satisfaction of a given type of need, be it economic, social recognition, self-esteem, or the development of individual skills,
      which the crowdsourcer will obtain and utilize to their advantage what the user has brought to the venture, whose form will depend on the type of activity undertaken.

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下表是使用8個"differentia specifica"對11個系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證的情況：

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本文一些其他的摘錄如下：

1. 文中表3列舉了作者收集到的各種"Crowdsourcing"的概念（共40種）。

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuquanlaobo/archive/2012/05/20/2510600.html

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