在Windwos上使用命令窗口操作MySQL數據庫時，如果命令窗口的字符編碼與數據庫不一致時，就會出現中文亂碼的情況

比如查詢會出現中文亂碼，或者插入數據會出現錯誤“ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1”

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('張三','男',22);

ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xD5\xC5\xC8\xFD' for column 'name' at row 1

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |

| 2 | 寮犱笁 | 鐢? | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這時可以先查看下環境編碼配置，我的是utf8，結果是下面這樣

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看windwos命令窗口的的屬性可知，編碼格式為GBK且不能更改

這時我們可以使用“set names gbk;”來指定客戶端發送給mysql語句時的編碼格式，并且可以看到client、connection、results三個變量的編碼格式變為了gbk，其它的沒有變化

mysql> set names gbk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | gbk |

| character_set_connection | gbk |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | gbk |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再次執行下插入操作沒問題了，查詢數據中文也不會亂碼了

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('張三','男',22);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| id | name | gender | age | updated_time |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

| 1 | zhangsan | M | 22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |

| 2 | 張三 | 男 | 22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |

+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

總結

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