NA-NP-IE系列实验28:HDLC 和PPP 封装
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NA-NP-IE系列实验28:HDLC 和PPP 封装
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實驗28:HDLC 和PPP 封裝<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 1. 實驗目的 通過本實驗，讀者可以掌握如下技能： （1） 串行鏈路上的封裝概念 （2） HDLC 封裝 （3） PPP 封裝 2. 實驗拓撲
如圖：
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3. 實驗步驟 注： 顯示串行接口時，常見以下幾種狀態： Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up //鏈路正常 Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down //沒有打開該接口，執行“no shutdown”可以打開接口 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down //物理層正常，數據鏈路層有問題，通常是沒有配置時鐘、兩端封裝不匹配、PPP 認證錯誤 Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down //物理層故障，通常是連線問題 配置如下： r0(config)#int s0/0 r0(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 r0(config-if)#no sh r0(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:01:31.655: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar? 1 00:01:32.659: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar? 1 00:01:57.271: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#do sh ip int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down ? Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 ? Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 ? Address determined by setup command ? MTU is 1500 bytes ? Helper address is not set ? Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled ? Outgoing access list is not set ? Inbound? access list is not set ? Proxy ARP is enabled ? Local Proxy ARP is disabled ? Security level is default ? <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Split horizon is enabled ? ICMP redirects are always sent ? ICMP unreachables are always sent ? ICMP mask replies are never sent ? IP fast switching is enabled ? IP fast switching on the same interface is enabled ? IP Flow switching is disabled ? IP CEF switching is enabled ? IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector ? IP multicast fast switching is enabled ? IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled ? IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF ? Router Discovery is disabled ? IP output packet accounting is disabled ? IP access violation accounting is disabled ? TCP/IP header compression is disabled ? RTP/IP header compression is disabled ? Policy routing is disabled ? Network address translation is disabled ? BGP Policy Mapping is disabled ? WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled ? WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled ? WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled r0(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:03:17.263: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r0(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Hardware is GT96K Serial ? Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 ? MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, ???? reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 ? Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set//該接口的默認封裝為HDLC 封裝 ? Keepalive set (10 sec) ? CRC checking enabled ? Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:02, output hang never ? Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:53 ? Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 ? Queueing strategy: weighted fair ? Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) ???? Conversations? 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) ???? Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) ???? Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec ? 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ? 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ???? 7 packets input, 764 bytes, 0 no buffer ???? Received 7 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles ???? 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort ???? 20 packets output, 1960 bytes, 0 underruns ???? 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 5 interface resets ???? 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out ???? 0 carrier transitions ???? DCD=up? DSR=up? DTR=up? RTS=up? CTS=up ????????? r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#enc? r0(config-if)#encapsulation ppp r0(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:04:33.727: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r0(config-if)# r0(config-if)#do ping 172.16.1.2?
Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) 由于R1還沒有封裝PPP，鏈路兩端封裝不同協議所以PING不通?
r0(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:05:39.947: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r0(config-if)#do ping 172.16.1.2?
Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/21/64 ms 鏈路的兩端封裝相同，則ping 測試應該正常?
r0(config-if)# Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/21/64 ms r0(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Hardware is GT96K Serial ? Internet address is 172.16.1.1/24 ? MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, ???? reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 ? Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open//該接口的封裝為PPP 封裝?
? Open: IPCP, CDPCP, loopback not set//網絡層支持IP 和CDP 協議?
? Keepalive set (10 sec) ? CRC checking enabled ? Last input 00:00:43, output 00:00:02, output hang never ? Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:03:55 ? Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 ? Queueing strategy: weighted fair ? Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) ???? Conversations? 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) ???? Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) ???? Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec ? 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ? 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ???? 58 packets input, 2928 bytes, 0 no buffer ???? Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles ???? 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort ???? 69 packets output, 3012 bytes, 0 underruns ????????? r0(config-if)#?
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? ? ? r1(config)#int s0/0 r1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0 r1(config-if)#no sh r1(config-if)#do sh *Mar? 1 00:03:00.043: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#do sh ip int *Mar? 1 00:03:01.047: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#do sh ip int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet address is 172.16.1.2/24 ? Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 ? Address determined by setup command ? MTU is 1500 bytes ? Helper address is not set ? Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled ? Outgoing access list is not set ? Inbound? access list is not set ? Proxy ARP is enabled ? Local Proxy ARP is disabled ? Security level is default ? Split horizon is enabled ? ICMP redirects are always sent ? ICMP unreachables are always sent ? ICMP mask replies are never sent ? IP fast switching is enabled ? IP fast switching on the same interface is enabled ? IP Flow switching is disabled ? IP CEF switching is enabled ? IP CEF Fast switching turbo vector ? IP multicast fast switching is enabled ? IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled ? IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF ? Router Discovery is disabled ? IP output packet accounting is disabled ? IP access violation accounting is disabled ? TCP/IP header compression is disabled ? RTP/IP header compression is disabled ? Policy routing is disabled ? Network address translation is disabled ? BGP Policy Mapping is disabled ? WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled ? WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled ? WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:04:57.355: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down r1(config-if)#do sh int s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down ? Hardware is GT96K Serial ? Internet address is 172.16.1.2/24 ? MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, ???? reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 ? Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set ? Keepalive set (10 sec) ? CRC checking enabled ? Last input 00:00:29, output 00:00:00, output hang never ? Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:04:13 ? Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 ? Queueing strategy: weighted fair ??Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) ???? Conversations? 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) ???? Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) ???? Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec ? 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ? 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ???? 35 packets input, 2518 bytes, 0 no buffer ???? Received 35 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles ???? 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort ???? 18 packets output, 1316 bytes, 0 underruns ???? 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets ???? 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out ???? 0 carrier transitions ???? DCD=up? DSR=up? DTR=up? RTS=up? CTS=up ????????? r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)# r1(config-if)#en r1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp r1(config-if)# *Mar? 1 00:05:41.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/gauyanm/238099
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