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Windows PowerShell：（2）基本操作

發布時間：2023/12/19 windows 40 豆豆

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一、啟動PowerShell 2.0

　　打開“開始”、“所有程序”、“附件”、“Windows PowerShell”程序組，點擊“Windows PowerShell”。

二、基本操作

1、查看可用的命令的列表

Get-Command

　　注：PowerShell有自動補齊命令的功能。例如，在本例中只需要輸入“get-co”，然后按TAB鍵，PowerShell 就會自動補齊該命令。

2、查看Get-Alias的幫助信息

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Help Get-Alias

名稱
??? Get-Alias

摘要
??? 獲取當前會話的別名。

語法
??? Get-Alias [[-Name] <string[]>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Scope <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

??? Get-Alias [-Definition <string[]>] [-Exclude <string[]>] [-Scope <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

說明
??? Get-Alias cmdlet 獲取當前會話的別名（命令和可執行文件的替代名稱）。其中包括內置別名、已設置或導入的別名，以及已添加
??? 到 Windows PowerShell 配置文件中的別名。

??? 默認情況下，Get-Alias 獲取別名并返回命令名稱。當使用 Definition 參數時，Get-Alias 采用命令名稱并返回其別名。

相關鏈接
??? Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113306
??? about_Aliases
??? Set-Alias
??? New-Alias
??? Export-Alias
??? Import-Alias
??? Alias Provider

備注
??? 若要查看示例，請鍵入: "get-help Get-Alias -examples".
??? 有關詳細信息，請鍵入: "get-help Get-Alias -detailed".
??? 若要獲取技術信息，請鍵入: "get-help Get-Alias -full".

3、查看當前可用的命令名稱

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Alias

CommandType???? Name??????????????????????????????????????????????? Definition
-----------???? ----??????????????????????????????????????????????? ----------
Alias?????????? %?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ForEach-Object
Alias?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? Where-Object
Alias?????????? ac????????????????????????????????????????????????? Add-Content
Alias?????????? asnp??????????????????????????????????????????????? Add-PSSnapIn
Alias?????????? cat???????????????????????????????????????????????? Get-Content
Alias?????????? cd????????????????????????????????????????????????? Set-Location?

。。。

4、查看當前的進程

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Process

Handles? NPM(K)??? PM(K)????? WS(K) VM(M)?? CPU(s)???? Id ProcessName
-------? ------??? -----????? ----- -----?? ------???? -- -----------
?? 1167?????? 8???? 2916?????? 5468?? 109???? 0.45??? 484 csrss
??? 212?????? 8??? 12208????? 13116?? 176???? 2.51??? 524 csrss
??? 240?????? 8???? 5836?????? 9836??? 59???? 0.31?? 2784 dllhost
???? 77?????? 3???? 1264?????? 3140??? 42???? 0.00?? 3376 dwm
??? 432????? 13??? 17344????? 18228?? 125???? 2.82?? 3480 explorer
??? 128?????? 4???? 5320?????? 4288??? 35???? 0.00?? 3008 fdhost
???? 58?????? 3???? 1204?????? 2780??? 37???? 0.00?? 2628 fdlauncher
????? 0?????? 0??????? 0???????? 24???? 0?????????????? 0 Idle
??? 152?????? 5???? 6664?????? 8980??? 58???? 0.09?? 1540 inetinfo
?? 1933????? 36??? 89392????? 79348?? 520???? 9.09??? 740 java?

。。。

5、嘗試運行一個錯誤的命令

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Processes
無法將“Processes”項識別為 cmdlet、函數、腳本文件或可運行程序的名稱。請檢查名稱的拼寫，如果包括路徑，請確保路徑正確，
然后重試。
所在位置行:1 字符: 10
+ Processes <<<<
??? + CategoryInfo????????? : ObjectNotFound: (Processes:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
??? + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

6、定義一個新的別名

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-Alias Processes Get-Process
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Processes

Handles? NPM(K)??? PM(K)????? WS(K) VM(M)?? CPU(s)???? Id ProcessName
-------? ------??? -----????? ----- -----?? ------???? -- -----------
?? 1156?????? 8???? 2916?????? 5468?? 109???? 0.45??? 484 csrss?

。。。

7、驗證新增的別名

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Alias

8、驗證幫助信息

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Help Processes

名稱
??? Get-Process

摘要
??? 獲取在本地計算機或遠程計算機上運行的進程。

語法
??? Get-Process [[-Name] <string[]>] [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-FileVersionInfo] [-Module] [<CommonParameters>]

??? Get-Process -Id <Int32[]> [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-FileVersionInfo] [-Module] [<CommonParameters>]

??? Get-Process -InputObject <Process[]> [-ComputerName <string[]>] [-FileVersionInfo] [-Module] [<CommonParameters>]

。。。

　　注意：顯示Precesses命令的幫助信息仍然是原始命令Get-Process的信息。

三、使用管道和變量?

1、排序顯示

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property id

Handles? NPM(K)??? PM(K)????? WS(K) VM(M)?? CPU(s)???? Id ProcessName
-------? ------??? -----????? ----- -----?? ------???? -- -----------
????? 0?????? 0??????? 0???????? 24???? 0?????????????? 0 Idle
??? 577?????? 0??????? 0?????? 1280???? 4?????????????? 4 System
???? 28?????? 1????? 252??????? 428???? 4???? 0.05??? 420 smss
?? 1163?????? 8???? 2924?????? 5476?? 109???? 0.50??? 484 csrss
??? 212?????? 7??? 12316????? 13192?? 176???? 6.07??? 524 csrss
???? 98?????? 4???? 1136?????? 2972??? 36???? 0.05??? 532 wininit
??? 115?????? 3???? 1268?????? 2736??? 26???? 0.02??? 564 winlogon
??? 283?????? 7???? 2212?????? 4216??? 27???? 5.24??? 612 services
??? 990????? 13???? 4188?????? 6952??? 44???? 2.84??? 624 lsass
。。。

2、排序且篩選顯示的列

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Process | Select-Object -Property id,Handles,ProcessName | Sort-Object -Property id

???????????????????????????????????? Id???????????????????????????????? Handles ProcessName
???????????????????????????????????? --???????????????????????????????? ------- -----------
????????????????????????????????????? 0?????????????????????????????????????? 0 Idle
????????????????????????????????????? 4???????????????????????????????????? 575 System
??????????????????????????????????? 420????????????????????????????????????? 28 smss
??????????????????????????????????? 484??????????????????????????????????? 1158 csrss
??????????????????????????????????? 524???????????????????????????????????? 212 csrss
??????????????????????????????????? 532????????????????????????????????????? 98 wininit
??????????????????????????????????? 564???????????????????????????????????? 115 winlogon
??????????????????????????????????? 612???????????????????????????????????? 283 services
??????????????????????????????????? 624???????????????????????????????????? 990 lsass
??????????????????????????????????? 632???????????????????????????????????? 160 lsm
??????????????????????????????????? 740??????????????????????????????????? 1934 java
。。。

3、按順序顯示前10個

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property id | Select-Object -First 10

Handles? NPM(K)??? PM(K)????? WS(K) VM(M)?? CPU(s)???? Id ProcessName
-------? ------??? -----????? ----- -----?? ------???? -- -----------
????? 0?????? 0??????? 0???????? 24???? 0?????????????? 0 Idle
??? 576?????? 0??????? 0?????? 1280???? 4?????????????? 4 System
???? 28?????? 1????? 252??????? 428???? 4???? 0.05??? 420 smss
?? 1157?????? 8???? 2924?????? 5476?? 109???? 0.50??? 484 csrss
??? 212?????? 7??? 12316????? 13196?? 176???? 6.94??? 524 csrss
???? 98?????? 4???? 1136?????? 2972??? 36???? 0.05??? 532 wininit
??? 115?????? 3???? 1268?????? 2736??? 26???? 0.02??? 564 winlogon
??? 283?????? 7???? 2212?????? 4216??? 27???? 5.26??? 612 services
??? 990????? 13???? 4188?????? 6932??? 44???? 2.84??? 624 lsass
??? 160?????? 3???? 1524?????? 3032??? 24???? 0.00??? 632 lsm?

4、格式化

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property id | Select-Object -First 10 | Format-List

Id????? : 0
Handles : 0
CPU???? :
Name??? : Idle

Id????? : 4
Handles : 575
CPU???? :
Name??? : System?

。。。

5、將顯示結果儲存到變量，然后顯示變量

PS C:\Users\Administrator> $processes = Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property id
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $processes

Handles? NPM(K)??? PM(K)????? WS(K) VM(M)?? CPU(s)???? Id ProcessName
-------? ------??? -----????? ----- -----?? ------???? -- -----------
????? 0?????? 0??????? 0???????? 24???? 0?????????????? 0 Idle
??? 576?????? 0??????? 0?????? 1280???? 4?????????????? 4 System
???? 28?????? 1????? 252??????? 428???? 4???? 0.05??? 420 smss
?? 1166?????? 8???? 2924?????? 5480?? 109???? 0.51??? 484 csrss
??? 212?????? 7??? 12316????? 13268?? 176???? 7.38??? 524 csrss
???? 98?????? 4???? 1136?????? 2972??? 36???? 0.05??? 532 wininit
??? 115?????? 3???? 1268?????? 2736??? 26???? 0.02??? 564 winlogon
??? 283?????? 7???? 2212?????? 4216??? 27???? 5.26??? 612 services
。。。?

三、查看PowerShell版本

1、Windows Server 2008 x64 的 PowerShell 1.0

　　在Windows Server 2008 x64使用“服務器管理器”通過“添加功能”安裝PowerShell? 1.0。

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Host
Name???????????? : ConsoleHost
Version????????? : 1.0.0.0
InstanceId?????? : 9f1ea99d-67bd-473d-a826-b64a74b178cf
UI?????????????? : System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHostUserInterface
CurrentCulture?? : zh-CN
CurrentUICulture : zh-CN
PrivateData????? : Microsoft.PowerShell.ConsoleHost+ConsoleColorProxy

2、Windows Server 2008 x64 的 PowerShell 2.0

　　通過官網下載安裝程序 Windows6.0-KB968930-x64.msu，安裝之后會在“附件”創建一個“Windows PowerShell”的程序組。

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-Host
Name???????????? : ConsoleHost
Version????????? : 2.0
InstanceId?????? : acc0f1f3-ce59-4f72-af22-91a1a264a2f0
UI?????????????? : System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHostUserInterface
CurrentCulture?? : zh-CN
CurrentUICulture : zh-CN
PrivateData????? : Microsoft.PowerShell.ConsoleHost+ConsoleColorProxy
IsRunspacePushed : False
Runspace???????? : System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.LocalRunspace

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