測試系統(tǒng)：CentOS6.2 64BIT

mysql 更新為5.5.21

php等部分軟件升級

一、同步系統(tǒng)時間

ntp.api.bz?是一組NTP服務器集群，目前有6臺服務器，位于上海電信。這項服務是 api.bz 繼?http://sms.api.bz?移動飛信免費短信發(fā)送接口之后的第二項免費 API 服務。

ntpdate ntp.api.bz

設置每小時同步一次時間

crontab -e

添加：

* */1 * * * ntpdate ntp.api.bz >> /var/log/ntpdate.log

二、配置網(wǎng)易YUM源(可選)

首先備份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo????mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下載對應版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前請做好相應備份)

運行yum makecache生成緩存

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

mkdir -p /data0/software

cp CentOS6-Base-163.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/

yum makecache

三、獲取開源程序

sudo -s

LANG=C

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

軟件存放目錄

mkdir -p /data0/software

MYSQL

mysql5.5+需要使用cmake編譯

安裝cmake編譯

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.7

./bootstrap

gmake

make

make install

cd..

安裝mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.21.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.21

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql

make

make install

編譯選項說明：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql //安裝目錄

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/data //數(shù)據(jù)庫存放目錄

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 //使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci? //校驗字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all? //安裝所有擴展字符集

-DWITH_SSL=system //使用SSL加密

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 //編譯成embedded mysql library

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允許從本地導入數(shù)據(jù)

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 //安裝myisam引擎

配置mysql

mkdir -p?/data0/mysql/data

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/data

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在my.cnf中增加用戶名及數(shù)據(jù)目錄

在[mysqld]下面增加:

user=mysql

datadir=/data0/mysql/data

開啟事件調度(可選)

在?[mysqld]?的下面加入如下行

event_scheduler=1

安裝mysql初使化系統(tǒng)表其數(shù)據(jù)

cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

配置mysqld服務，并使其開機自運行

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld --level 3 on

修改/etc/init.d/mysqld相關配置

vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

將datadir指定為/data0/mysql/data

將basedir指定為/usr/local/webserver/mysql

basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir=/data0/mysql/data

mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mysql/data/mysql.pid(可選)

啟動mysql及指定mysql root密碼

service mysqld start

./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'admin'

將mysql相關命令加到用戶PATH中去

vi ~/.bash_profile

將PATH改為：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin

使其生效：

. ~/.bash_profile

啟動，停止和重啟mysql命令

service mysqld start

service mysqld stop

service mysqld restart

登錄到mysql

mysql -u root -p

php系列

安裝PHP支持庫

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.14/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd http://www.cnblogs.com/

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

編譯安裝PHP(FastCGI模式)

ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so

ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so

ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap.so /usr/lib/libldap.so

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18??/usr/lib64/

tar zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1

cd php-5.2.17/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr/ --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../

編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊

tar zxvf memcache-3.0.6.tgz

cd memcache-3.0.6

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.7.5-6/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgcd imagick-2.3.0

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：

extension = "memcache.so"

extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

extension = "imagick.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off

修改為output_buffering = On

再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

修改為cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。

自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執(zhí)行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

創(chuàng)建www用戶和組，以及供虛擬主機使用的目錄：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

創(chuàng)建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi)：

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創(chuàng)建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

輸入以下內容(如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調試，請將以下的0改為1，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態(tài)為500的空白錯誤頁)：

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

Pid file

/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid

Error log file

/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log

Log level

notice

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...

10

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.

Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.

1m

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master

5s

Set to 'no' to debug fpm

yes

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.

default

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.

Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'

127.0.0.1:9000

Set listen(2) backlog

-1

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.

In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.

Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

0666

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

0

Unix user of processes

www

Unix group of processes

www

Process manager settings

Sets style of controling worker process count.

Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'

static

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.

Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi Used with any pm_style.

128

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

20

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

5

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

35

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated

Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason

'0s' means 'off'

0s

The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file

'0s' means 'off'

0s

The log file for slow requests

logs/slow.log

Set open file desc rlimit

65535

Set max core size rlimit

0

Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.

If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs

yes

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.

Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.

For endless request processing please specify 0

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS

1024

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.

Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)

Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.

127.0.0.1

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH

All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment

$HOSTNAME

/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

/tmp

/tmp

/tmp

$OSTYPE

$MACHTYPE

2

啟動php-cgi進程，監(jiān)聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數(shù)為128(如果服務器內存小于3GB，可以只開啟64個進程)，用戶為www：

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數(shù)，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。

nginx包

安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：

tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.10/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

安裝Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.12.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.0.12/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

cd ../

創(chuàng)建Nginx日志目錄

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

log_format default '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name 127.0.0.1;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$

{

expires 365d;

}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

{

expires 365d;

}

access_log /data1/logs/access.log default;

}

}

在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

啟動Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

vi /etc/rc.local

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

優(yōu)化Linux內核參數(shù)

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

使配置立即生效

/sbin/sysctl -p

在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本

創(chuàng)建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash??/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

開啟防火墻80端口

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport?80 -j ACCEPT

重啟防火墻

service iptables restart

PS: 如有問題請指正

總結

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