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unity5, custom PBS shader

發(fā)布時間：2023/12/18 编程问答 32 豆豆

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unity5中引入了基于物理著色(PBS)的Standard shader。由于這種著色器通過調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)和貼圖可逼真模擬各種硬質(zhì)表面，所以不必再像unity4時代那樣需要對各種質(zhì)感材質(zhì)單獨(dú)編寫著色器，而且能得到更好的效果(參考：http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/shader-StandardShader.html)。這種“萬能著色器”仿佛給人一種不再需要自己編寫著色器的假象，但做游戲跟做虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)不一樣，除了真實(shí)性，還要追求趣味性和藝術(shù)夸張。所以老古語不過時：沒有使用自定義著色器的游戲，不是好游戲。

但自己實(shí)現(xiàn)PBS是很困難的，如果我們想既繼承Standard shader的PBS特性又加入自己的定制效果，最好我們的自定義shader能在Standard shader的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行編寫，即實(shí)現(xiàn)自定義PBS著色器（custom PBS shader）。

由于是新東西，資料不全，google了一整天也沒能找到現(xiàn)成方法，unity官方文檔中對此完全沒有作說明（在surface shader自定義光照模型部分只給了不帶PBS的例子），unity論壇里有多個帖子問到類似問題，但都沒有滿意解答。最后在下面兩個連接里找到了一點(diǎn)兒線索：

http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/for-those-in-u5-beta-is-pbr-really-that-good.283867/page-3#post-1886525

http://blogs.unity3d.com/2014/10/29/physically-based-shading-in-unity-5-a-primer/ （文章下面?MIG 的提問）

此線索是：“

　　from the release notes for beta 12:

Shaders: Surface shaders can use physically based shading now; the same as Standard shader uses.
- Use "Standard" lighting function, and "SurfaceOutputStandard" output structure.
- Do an #include "UnityPBSLighting.cginc" in your shader to get it.
- Default options require shader model 3.0, so add a "#pragma target 3.0" too.

”

然后又結(jié)合了UnityPBSLighting.cginc中的源代碼（注1），當(dāng)然，只是從UnityPBSLighting.cginc中拷貝一些代碼出來（而不是修改它），最后終于把custom PBS shader試驗成功了。

注1：UnityPBSLighting.cginc這個文件在哪兒？有三個途徑獲得：

（1），在 http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SL-SurfaceShaderLighting.html 中寫道：“file inside Unity ({unity install path}/Data/CGIncludes/ on Windows,?/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/CGIncludes/ on Mac)”，需要注意的是"/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/CGIncludes/"這個路徑是在Unity.app的“包內(nèi)容”里，所以這就是為什么在Mac上雖然UnityPBSLighting.cginc已經(jīng)隨unity一起安裝了，但確不能通過文件搜素找到。

（2），通過網(wǎng)址http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/StandardShaderMakeYourOwn.html進(jìn)入在線的"Make your own"頁面下載builtin_shaders的最新版本（也包括歷史版本）。因為我的unity是最新的，所以通過此途徑下載到的最新版的builtin_shaders與途徑(1)中的是一致的，但如果你的unity不是最新的，一定要根據(jù)你的unity版本號下載相應(yīng)版本的builtin_shaders，否則你拷貝其中的代碼用到自定義shader中可能報錯。

（3），在瀏覽器地址欄輸入file:///Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/Documentation/en/Manual/StandardShaderMakeYourOwn.html進(jìn)入離線的"Make your own"頁面（從地址上你可以看出這個頁面實(shí)際上保存在你的電腦中），下載builtin_shaders，但要注意，通過這個離線文檔下載的builtin_shaders可能不是最新的，我今天就被此坑了一回，通過此途徑下載的UnityPBSLighting.cginc文件中的代碼拷貝到自定義shader中報錯，搞了半天沒找到原因，直到我又通過途徑(1)重新獲得UnityPBSLighting.cginc。。。

綜上，途徑(1)是最好的。

下圖第一個球用的是Standard shader，第二個球用的是“將法線當(dāng)作顏色值”的自定義shader（不帶PBS），第三個球是今天的試驗成果：在Standard shader的PBS基礎(chǔ)上添加了“將法線當(dāng)作顏色值”效果的雜交shader。

第一個球的shader用的是unity(version 5.0.1f1 Personal)里新建shader時生成的默認(rèn)shader:

Shader?"Custom/NewShader"?{
????Properties?{
????????_Color?("Color",?Color)?=?(1,1,1,1)
????????_MainTex?("Albedo?(RGB)",?2D)?=?"white"?{}
????????_Glossiness?("Smoothness",?Range(0,1))?=?0.5
????????_Metallic?("Metallic",?Range(0,1))?=?0.0
????}
????SubShader?{
????????Tags?{?"RenderType"="Opaque"?}
????????LOD?200
????????
????????CGPROGRAM
????????//?Physically?based?Standard?lighting?model,?and?enable?shadows?on?all?light?types
????????#pragma?surface?surf?Standard?fullforwardshadows

????????//?Use?shader?model?3.0?target,?to?get?nicer?looking?lighting
????????#pragma?target?3.0

????????sampler2D?_MainTex;

????????struct?Input?{
????????????float2?uv_MainTex;
????????};

????????half?_Glossiness;
????????half?_Metallic;
????????fixed4?_Color;

????????void?surf?(Input?IN,?inout?SurfaceOutputStandard?o)?{
????????????//?Albedo?comes?from?a?texture?tinted?by?color
????????????fixed4?c?=?tex2D?(_MainTex,?IN.uv_MainTex)?*?_Color;
????????????o.Albedo?=?c.rgb;
????????????//?Metallic?and?smoothness?come?from?slider?variables
????????????o.Metallic?=?_Metallic;
????????????o.Smoothness?=?_Glossiness;
????????????o.Alpha?=?c.a;
????????}
????????ENDCG
????}?
????FallBack?"Diffuse"
}

在此基礎(chǔ)上參照UnityPBSLighting.cginc中的源代碼將光照模型以自定義光照模型的形式暴露出來，得到下面等價shader:

（這里需要注意的是，一般自定義光照模型只要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個 Lightning+自定義光照模型名稱的函數(shù)即可，但是對于PBS shader來說，要實(shí)現(xiàn)自定義光照模型還要多寫一個?Lightning+自定義光照模型名稱_GI 的函數(shù)。）

Shader?"Custom/customPBS"?{
??????Properties?{
????????_Color?("Color",?Color)?=?(1,1,1,1)
????????_MainTex?("Albedo?(RGB)",?2D)?=?"white"?{}
????????_Glossiness?("Smoothness",?Range(0,1))?=?0.5
????????_Metallic?("Metallic",?Range(0,1))?=?0.0
????}
????SubShader?{
????????Tags?{?"RenderType"="Opaque"?"MyReplaceTag"="Other"}
????????LOD?200
????????
????????CGPROGRAM
????
????????//?Physically?based?Standard?lighting?model,?and?enable?shadows?on?all?light?types
????????#pragma?surface?surf?MyCustomStandard?fullforwardshadows

????????//?Use?shader?model?3.0?target,?to?get?nicer?looking?lighting
????????#pragma?target?3.0
????????#include?"UnityPBSLighting.cginc"

????????inline?void?LightingMyCustomStandard_GI?(
????????????SurfaceOutputStandard?s,
????????????UnityGIInput?data,
????????????inout?UnityGI?gi)
????????{
????????????gi?=?UnityGlobalIllumination?(data,?s.Occlusion,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal);
????????}

????????inline?half4?LightingMyCustomStandard?(SurfaceOutputStandard?s,?half3?viewDir,?UnityGI?gi)
????????{
????????????s.Normal?=?normalize(s.Normal);

????????????half?oneMinusReflectivity;
????????????half3?specColor;
????????????s.Albedo?=?DiffuseAndSpecularFromMetallic?(s.Albedo,?s.Metallic,?/*out*/?specColor,?/*out*/?oneMinusReflectivity);

????????????//?shader?relies?on?pre-multiply?alpha-blend?(_SrcBlend?=?One,?_DstBlend?=?OneMinusSrcAlpha)
????????????//?this?is?necessary?to?handle?transparency?in?physically?correct?way?-?only?diffuse?component?gets?affected?by?alpha
????????????half?outputAlpha;
????????????s.Albedo?=?PreMultiplyAlpha?(s.Albedo,?s.Alpha,?oneMinusReflectivity,?/*out*/?outputAlpha);

????????????half4?c?=?UNITY_BRDF_PBS?(s.Albedo,?specColor,?oneMinusReflectivity,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal,?viewDir,?gi.light,?gi.indirect);
????????????c.rgb?+=?UNITY_BRDF_GI?(s.Albedo,?specColor,?oneMinusReflectivity,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal,?viewDir,?s.Occlusion,?gi);
????????????c.a?=?outputAlpha;
????????????

????????????return?c;
????????}

????????sampler2D?_MainTex;

????????struct?Input?{
????????????float2?uv_MainTex;
????????};

????????half?_Glossiness;
????????half?_Metallic;
????????fixed4?_Color;

????????void?surf?(Input?IN,?inout?SurfaceOutputStandard?o)?{
????????????//?Albedo?comes?from?a?texture?tinted?by?color
????????????fixed4?c?=?tex2D?(_MainTex,?IN.uv_MainTex)?*?_Color;
????????????o.Albedo?=?c.rgb;
????????????//?Metallic?and?smoothness?come?from?slider?variables
????????????o.Metallic?=?_Metallic;
????????????o.Smoothness?=?_Glossiness;
????????????o.Alpha?=?c.a;
????????}
????????
????????
????????ENDCG
????}?
????FallBack?"Diffuse"
}

上面shader和默認(rèn)shader效果完全一樣，但是由于暴露出來光照模型（即上面的LightingMyCustomStandard函數(shù)），便使得我們可以在光照模型層次上對其進(jìn)行修改，實(shí)現(xiàn)出自己的變種shader效果。

例如下面shader，就是在LightingMyCustomStandard中插入一行代碼，實(shí)現(xiàn)前面圖中第三個球的效果：

Shader?"Custom/customPBSAndShowNormalAsColor"?{
????Properties?{
????????_Color?("Color",?Color)?=?(1,1,1,1)
????????_MainTex?("Albedo?(RGB)",?2D)?=?"white"?{}
????????_Glossiness?("Smoothness",?Range(0,1))?=?0.5
????????_Metallic?("Metallic",?Range(0,1))?=?0.0
????}
????SubShader?{
????????Tags?{?"RenderType"="Opaque"?}
????????LOD?200
????????
????????CGPROGRAM
????
????????//?Physically?based?Standard?lighting?model,?and?enable?shadows?on?all?light?types
????????#pragma?surface?surf?MyCustomStandard?fullforwardshadows

????????//?Use?shader?model?3.0?target,?to?get?nicer?looking?lighting
????????#pragma?target?3.0
????????#include?"UnityPBSLighting.cginc"

????????inline?void?LightingMyCustomStandard_GI?(
????????????SurfaceOutputStandard?s,
????????????UnityGIInput?data,
????????????inout?UnityGI?gi)
????????{
????????????gi?=?UnityGlobalIllumination?(data,?s.Occlusion,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal);
????????}

????????inline?half4?LightingMyCustomStandard?(SurfaceOutputStandard?s,?half3?viewDir,?UnityGI?gi)
????????{
????????????s.Normal?=?normalize(s.Normal);

????????????half?oneMinusReflectivity;
????????????half3?specColor;
????????????s.Albedo?=?DiffuseAndSpecularFromMetallic?(s.Albedo,?s.Metallic,?/*out*/?specColor,?/*out*/?oneMinusReflectivity);

????????????//?shader?relies?on?pre-multiply?alpha-blend?(_SrcBlend?=?One,?_DstBlend?=?OneMinusSrcAlpha)
????????????//?this?is?necessary?to?handle?transparency?in?physically?correct?way?-?only?diffuse?component?gets?affected?by?alpha
????????????half?outputAlpha;
????????????s.Albedo?=?PreMultiplyAlpha?(s.Albedo,?s.Alpha,?oneMinusReflectivity,?/*out*/?outputAlpha);

????????????half4?c?=?UNITY_BRDF_PBS?(s.Albedo,?specColor,?oneMinusReflectivity,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal,?viewDir,?gi.light,?gi.indirect);
????????????c.rgb?+=?UNITY_BRDF_GI?(s.Albedo,?specColor,?oneMinusReflectivity,?s.Smoothness,?s.Normal,?viewDir,?s.Occlusion,?gi);
????????????c.a?=?outputAlpha;
????????????
????????????c.rgb*=s.Normal?*1.5;//added?by?wantnon

????????????return?c;
????????}

?
????????sampler2D?_MainTex;

????????struct?Input?{
????????????float2?uv_MainTex;
????????};

????????half?_Glossiness;
????????half?_Metallic;
????????fixed4?_Color;

????????void?surf?(Input?IN,?inout?SurfaceOutputStandard?o)?{
????????????//?Albedo?comes?from?a?texture?tinted?by?color
????????????fixed4?c?=?tex2D?(_MainTex,?IN.uv_MainTex)?*?_Color;
????????????o.Albedo?=?c.rgb;
????????????//?Metallic?and?smoothness?come?from?slider?variables
????????????o.Metallic?=?_Metallic;
????????????o.Smoothness?=?_Glossiness;
????????????o.Alpha?=?c.a;
????????}
????????
????????
????????ENDCG
????}?
????FallBack?"Diffuse"
}?

當(dāng)然，如果不需要在光照模型的層次上對unity自帶的PBS shader進(jìn)行定制，是沒有必要這么麻煩的。

比如就拿上面這個customPBS+ShowNormalAsColor來說，其實(shí)沒必要深入到光照模型層次上去實(shí)現(xiàn)，下面shader就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)基本相同的效果：

(其中藍(lán)字是在前面Custom/NewShader基礎(chǔ)上新增的語句)

Shader?"Custom/NewShaderAndShowNormalAsColor"?{
????Properties?{
????????_Color?("Color",?Color)?=?(1,1,1,1)
????????_MainTex?("Albedo?(RGB)",?2D)?=?"white"?{}
????????_Glossiness?("Smoothness",?Range(0,1))?=?0.5
????????_Metallic?("Metallic",?Range(0,1))?=?0.0
????}
????SubShader?{
????????Tags?{?"RenderType"="Opaque"?}
????????LOD?200
????????
????????CGPROGRAM
????????//?Physically?based?Standard?lighting?model,?and?enable?shadows?on?all?light?types
????????#pragma?surface?surf?Standard?fullforwardshadows

????????//?Use?shader?model?3.0?target,?to?get?nicer?looking?lighting
????????#pragma?target?3.0

????????sampler2D?_MainTex;

????????struct?Input?{
????????????float2?uv_MainTex;

　　　　float3?worldNormal;//ref:?http://wiki.unity3d.com/index.php?title=Shader_Code
????????};

????????half?_Glossiness;
????????half?_Metallic;
????????fixed4?_Color;

????????void?surf?(Input?IN,?inout?SurfaceOutputStandard?o)?{
????????????//?Albedo?comes?from?a?texture?tinted?by?color
????????????fixed4?c?=?tex2D?(_MainTex,?IN.uv_MainTex)?*?_Color;

　　?? ?c.rgb*=IN.worldNormal;
????????????o.Albedo?=?c.rgb;
????????????//?Metallic?and?smoothness?come?from?slider?variables
????????????o.Metallic?=?_Metallic;
????????????o.Smoothness?=?_Glossiness;
????????????o.Alpha?=?c.a;
????????}
????????ENDCG
????}?
????FallBack?"Diffuse"
}

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wantnon/p/4395286.html

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