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Mysql一主多从和读写分离配置简记
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Mysql一主多從和讀寫分離配置簡記
標簽：?mysql數據庫服務器class數據庫servermanager 2012-05-30 16:44?14981人閱讀? ?分類： ? 數據庫
版權聲明：本文為博主原創文章，未經博主允許不得轉載。
近期開發的系統中使用MySql作為數據庫，由于數據涉及到Money，所以不得不慎重。同時，用戶對最大訪問量也提出了要求。為了避免Mysql成為性能瓶頸并具備很好的容錯能力，特此實現主從熱備和讀寫分離。在此簡做紀要,以備日后所用！
一、配置主從
條件：兩臺PC，IP分別為192.168.168.253,192.168.168.251。兩臺PC上的Mysql版本為5.0。253上的Mysql為Master，251上的Mysql為Slave。
1、主數據庫服務器配置
進入主數據庫服務器安裝目錄,打開my.ini,在文件末尾增加如下配置：
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?copy #數據庫ID號，?為1時表示為Master,其中master_id必須為1到232–1之間的一個正整數值;???server-id?=?1??#啟用二進制日志；??log-bin=mysql-bin??#需要同步的二進制數據庫名；??binlog-do-db=minishop??#不同步的二進制數據庫名,如果不設置可以將其注釋掉;??binlog-ignore-db=information_schema??binlog-ignore-db=mysql??binlog-ignore-db=personalsite??binlog-ignore-db=test??#設定生成的log文件名；??log-bin="D:/Database/materlog"??#把更新的記錄寫到二進制文件中；??log-slave-updates?? 保存文件。重啟Mysql服務。
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進入從數據庫服務器安裝目錄,打開my.ini,在文件末尾增加如下配置：
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?copy #如果需要增加Slave庫則，此id往后順延；??server-id?=?2????log-bin=mysql-bin??#主庫host??master-host?=?192.168.168.253??#在主數據庫服務器中建立的用于該從服務器備份使用的用戶??master-user?=?forslave??master-password?=?******??master-port?=?3306??#如果發現主服務器斷線，重新連接的時間差；??master-connect-retry=60??#不需要備份的數據庫；???replicate-ignore-db=mysql??#需要備份的數據庫??replicate-do-db=minishop??log-slave-update?? 保存文件。重啟Mysql服務。
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進入主數據庫服務器，創建上面備份使用的用戶名和密碼，同時授權replication slave,super和reload
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?copy mysql>grant?replication?slave,super,reload?on?minishop.*?to?forslave@192.168.168.251?identified?by?'******';?? 進入從數據庫服務器，啟動Slave。
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?copy mysql>slave?start;????mysql>show?slave?status\G;?? 測試：進入主數據庫服務器，在Minishop中某張表中插入一條數據，然后到從數據庫服務器中查看是否含有剛剛插入的數據。完畢！
備注：1)運行配置后的主數據庫服務器先于從數據庫服務器，這樣運行從數據庫服務器時,主庫的 File 和 Position 與 從庫的上設置Master_Log_File、Read_Master_Log_Pos 就會一致。否則，可能出現不一致的情況。這也可以通過命令調整。
2)如果發現主從復制失敗時，可以先關閉從數據庫服務器，然后刪除從數據庫服務器中data目錄下relay-log.info,hosname-relay-bin*,master.info等文件，重啟從服務器。
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二、讀寫分離配置
本想采用Mysql Proxy來實現讀寫分離，奈何其使用的lua腳本著實讓人頭痛，最后決定采用國人開發的開源數據庫代理中間件Amoeba。使用Amoeba，只需要簡單的xml配置，就可以很容易地實現讀寫分離。
Amoeba處于應用程序和數據庫服務器之間，充當一個中間代理層。其支持負載均衡、高可用性、Query過濾、讀寫分離、可路由相關的query到目標數據庫、可并發請求多臺數據庫合并結果。功能很強大。
Amoeba默認的端口為8066，實現了Mysql協議。應用程序中只需要修改一個數據庫連接就可以實現采用Amoeba來代理數據庫訪問。比如：java應用中，假如你原來的jdbc連接字符串為：jdbc:mysql://192.168.168.42:3306/minishop，那么現在，你想使用Amoeba作為數據庫訪問代理，則只需要將上面連接字符串改為如下(假如Amoeba所在機子IP為192.168.168.88)：jdbc:mysql://192.168.168.88:8066/minishop。Amoeba透明性做的很贊。
主要還是配置Amoeda，但是配置也是相當的簡單。基本只需要配置兩個文件：conf\dbServers.xml和conf\amoeba.xml。配置中各項的含義，可以參考amoeda中文指南，這里不做過多解釋。僅記錄下配置。
dbServers.xml主要配置
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?copy <amoeba:dbServers?xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">????????????<!--???????????????Each?dbServer?needs?to?be?configured?into?a?Pool,??????????????If?you?need?to?configure?multiple?dbServer?with?load?balancing?that?can?be?simplified?by?the?following?configuration:???????????????add?attribute?with?name?virtual?=?"true"?in?dbServer,?but?the?configuration?does?not?allow?the?element?with?name?factoryConfig???????????????such?as?'multiPool'?dbServer?????????????-->????????????????<dbServer?name="abstractServer"?abstractive="true">??????????<factoryConfig?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">??????????????<property?name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>??????????????<property?name="sendBufferSize">64</property>??????????????<property?name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>????????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="port">3306</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="schema">minishop</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="user">chenjie</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="password">chenjie</property>????????????</factoryConfig>????????????<poolConfig?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">??????????????<property?name="maxActive">500</property>??????????????<property?name="maxIdle">500</property>??????????????<property?name="minIdle">10</property>??????????????<property?name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>??????????????<property?name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>??????????????<property?name="testOnBorrow">true</property>??????????????<property?name="testWhileIdle">true</property>??????????</poolConfig>??????</dbServer>????????<dbServer?name="master"??parent="abstractServer">??????????<factoryConfig>??????????????????????????<property?name="ipAddress">192.168.168.253</property>??????????</factoryConfig>??????</dbServer>????????<dbServer?name="slave1"??parent="abstractServer">??????????<factoryConfig>??????????????????????????<property?name="ipAddress">192.168.168.119</property>??????????</factoryConfig>??????</dbServer>????????<dbServer?name="slave2"??parent="abstractServer">??????????<factoryConfig>??????????????????????????<property?name="ipAddress">192.168.168.251</property>????????????</factoryConfig>??????</dbServer>????????????<dbServer?name="multiPool"?virtual="true">??????????<poolConfig?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">??????????????????????????<property?name="loadbalance">1</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>??????????</poolConfig>??????</dbServer>????????????</amoeba:dbServers>?? amoeba.xml配置：
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?copy <amoeba:configuration?xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">????????<proxy>????????????????????????<service?name="Amoeba?for?Mysql"?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ServerableConnectionManager">??????????????????????????<property?name="port">8066</property>??????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="ipAddress">192.168.168.253</property>??????????????????????????????<property?name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>????????????????????????????<property?name="connectionFactory">??????????????????<bean?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnectionFactory">??????????????????????<property?name="sendBufferSize">128</property>??????????????????????<property?name="receiveBufferSize">64</property>??????????????????</bean>??????????????</property>????????????????????????????<property?name="authenticator">??????????????????<bean?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">????????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="user">chenjie</property>????????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="password">chenjie</property>????????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="filter">??????????????????????????<bean?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.IPAccessController">??????????????????????????????<property?name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>??????????????????????????</bean>??????????????????????</property>??????????????????</bean>??????????????</property>????????????????????????</service>????????????????????????????<service?name="Amoeba?Monitor?Server"?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.MonitorServer">??????????????????????????<!--??default?value:?random?number??????????????<property?name="port">9066</property>??????????????-->??????????????????????????<property?name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>??????????????<property?name="daemon">true</property>??????????????<property?name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>??????????????<property?name="connectionFactory">??????????????????<bean?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.net.MonitorClientConnectionFactory"></bean>??????????????</property>????????????????????????</service>????????????????????<runtime?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.context.MysqlRuntimeContext">??????????????????????????<property?name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="statementCacheSize">500</property>????????????????????????????????????????<property?name="queryTimeout">60</property>??????????</runtime>????????????????</proxy>????????????<!--???????????Each?ConnectionManager?will?start?as?thread??????????manager?responsible?for?the?Connection?IO?read?,?Death?Detection??????-->??????<connectionManagerList>??????????<connectionManager?name="clientConnectioneManager"?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">??????????????<property?name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ConnectionManager</property>??????????????<!--?????????????????default?value?is?avaliable?Processors???????????????<property?name="processors">5</property>???????????????-->??????????</connectionManager>??????????<connectionManager?name="defaultManager"?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">??????????????<property?name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager</property>????????????????????????????<!--?????????????????default?value?is?avaliable?Processors???????????????<property?name="processors">5</property>???????????????-->??????????</connectionManager>??????</connectionManagerList>????????????????????<dbServerLoader?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.context.DBServerConfigFileLoader">??????????<property?name="configFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml</property>??????</dbServerLoader>????????????<queryRouter?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">??????????<property?name="ruleLoader">??????????????<bean?class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader">??????????????????<property?name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>??????????????????<property?name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>??????????????</bean>??????????</property>??????????<property?name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>??????????<property?name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>????????????<property?name="defaultPool">master</property>??????????????????????<property?name="writePool">master</property>??????????<property?name="readPool">multiPool</property>????????????<property?name="needParse">true</property>??????</queryRouter>??</amoeba:configuration>?? 至此，Mysql主從熱備和讀寫分離配置完畢。但是，具體應用到生產環境究竟如何，還有待測試和考察。后來測試一主多從，又加入了一臺Mysql從數據庫服務器，這就是為什么上面amoeba配置中多了一個IP為119的原因。
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/firstdream/p/5222664.html
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