线程通信机制之定时器队列
線程通信機(jī)制之定時(shí)器隊(duì)列
——每周雜談 第008篇
作者:Tocy????時(shí)間:2012-06-01
關(guān)鍵詞:定時(shí)器隊(duì)列,ITC
定時(shí)器隊(duì)列(Timer Queue)可以使用CreateTimerQueue函數(shù)創(chuàng)建。定時(shí)器隊(duì)列中的定時(shí)器是輕量級(jí)對(duì)象,可以在一定時(shí)間間隔之后調(diào)用指定的回調(diào)函數(shù)(可以只調(diào)用一次,也可以是周期性的)。這種等待操作由線程池中某個(gè)線程處理的(系統(tǒng)級(jí)別)。
向定時(shí)器隊(duì)列中添加定時(shí)器可以使用CreateTimerQueueTimer函數(shù)。更新一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列中的計(jì)時(shí)器可以使用?ChangeTimerQueueTimer?函數(shù)。這兩個(gè)函數(shù)中你可以指定一個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù),如果設(shè)定時(shí)間到達(dá),線程池中某個(gè)線程會(huì)調(diào)用該回調(diào)函數(shù)。
使用?DeleteTimerQueueTimer函數(shù)可以取消掛起的計(jì)時(shí)器。當(dāng)不再使計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列的時(shí)候,調(diào)用?DeleteTimerQueueEx?函數(shù)刪除計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列,該函數(shù)調(diào)用是會(huì)取消并刪除任何在該隊(duì)列中等待的計(jì)時(shí)器。
MSDN鏈接:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686796(v=vs.85)
使用例子如下:
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
?
HANDLE gDoneEvent;
?
VOID CALLBACK TimerRoutine(PVOID lpParam, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
{
if (lpParam == NULL)
{
printf("TimerRoutine lpParam is NULL\n");
}
else
{
// lpParam points to the argument; in this case it is an int
?
printf("Timer routine called. Parameter is %d.\n",
*(int*)lpParam);
if(TimerOrWaitFired)
{
printf("The wait timed out.\n");
}
else
{
printf("The wait event was signaled.\n");
}
}
?
SetEvent(gDoneEvent);
}
?
int main()
{
HANDLE hTimer = NULL;
HANDLE hTimerQueue = NULL;
int arg = 123;
?
// Use an event object to track the TimerRoutine execution
gDoneEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
if (NULL == gDoneEvent)
{
printf("CreateEvent failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
return 1;
}
?
// Create the timer queue.
hTimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue();
if (NULL == hTimerQueue)
{
printf("CreateTimerQueue failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
return 2;
}
?
// Set a timer to call the timer routine in 10 seconds.
if (!CreateTimerQueueTimer( &hTimer, hTimerQueue,
(WAITORTIMERCALLBACK)TimerRoutine, &arg , 10000, 0, 0))
{
printf("CreateTimerQueueTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
return 3;
}
?
// TODO: Do other useful work here
?
printf("Call timer routine in 10 seconds...\n");
?
// Wait for the timer-queue thread to complete using an event
// object. The thread will signal the event at that time.
?
if (WaitForSingleObject(gDoneEvent, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
printf("WaitForSingleObject failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
?
CloseHandle(gDoneEvent);
?
// Delete all timers in the timer queue.
if (!DeleteTimerQueue(hTimerQueue))
printf("DeleteTimerQueue failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
?
return 0;
}
這段代碼比較容易理解,這里不做詳細(xì)解釋了。功能很簡(jiǎn)單:利用定時(shí)器隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)延時(shí)10s執(zhí)行指定回調(diào)函數(shù)。
比較有意思的是:CreateTimerQueueTimer函數(shù)。
該函數(shù)功能是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列中的計(jì)時(shí)器。原型如下:
BOOL WINAPI CreateTimerQueueTimer(
__out?????????PHANDLE phNewTimer,????????????????//計(jì)時(shí)器句柄指針
__in_opt??????HANDLE TimerQueue,????????????????//計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列句柄
__in??????????WAITORTIMERCALLBACK Callback,????????//回調(diào)函數(shù)指針
__in_opt?????PVOID Parameter,????????????????????//傳給回調(diào)函數(shù)的參數(shù)
__in??????????DWORD DueTime,????????????????????//到期時(shí)間(以毫秒為單位)
__in??????????DWORD Period,????????????????????//計(jì)時(shí)器周期(以毫秒為單位)
__in??????????ULONG Flags????????????????????????//標(biāo)志位,通常使用0
);
計(jì)時(shí)器在DueTime時(shí)間過(guò)后首次到期,然后按照給定的period時(shí)間間隔到期,每次到期都會(huì)調(diào)用回調(diào)函數(shù)。
其參數(shù)中計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列指針可以為NULL(此時(shí)計(jì)時(shí)器與默認(rèn)計(jì)時(shí)器隊(duì)列關(guān)聯(lián))。period如果為0,計(jì)時(shí)器指signaled一次;如果大于0,計(jì)時(shí)器是周期性的,直到計(jì)時(shí)器被取消。
?
Windows下的計(jì)時(shí)器有三類:Timer,timer queue,和waitable timer。從復(fù)雜度上而言,一次增加,功能也更加強(qiáng)大。Timer只能用在單獨(dú)一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器處理函數(shù)或者WM_TIMER消息中,而timer queue可以提供更多更準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)時(shí)方式(在線程池中運(yùn)行,效率更高), waitable timer則是同步對(duì)象,可以用于多進(jìn)程之間的通信。從功能上而言基本都是一致的,只有timer提供簡(jiǎn)單的周期執(zhí)行(沒(méi)有單次執(zhí)行的計(jì)時(shí)器,當(dāng)然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這種計(jì)時(shí)器的)。
所以如果需要使用timer (計(jì)時(shí)器)的話,最好從最簡(jiǎn)單的開始,如果性能不能滿足要求,依次嘗試timer、timer queue、waitable timer。
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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tocy/archive/2012/06/03/2532562.html
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