[php]-MVC

• MVC介紹
• MVC結(jié)構(gòu)
• url訪問控制器
• 訪問視圖層
• 頁面跳轉(zhuǎn)
• 函數(shù)助手

---

MVC介紹

MVC（Model View Controller）是軟件工程中的一種軟件架構(gòu)模式，它把軟件系統(tǒng)分為模型、視圖和控制器三個基本部分。用一種業(yè)務(wù)邏輯、數(shù)據(jù)、界面顯示分離的方法組織代碼，將業(yè)務(wù)邏輯聚集到一個部件里面，在改進(jìn)和個性化定制界面及用戶交互的同時，不需要重新編寫業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。

M:Model，模型完成具體的業(yè)務(wù)操作，如：查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫，封裝對象V:view視圖。JSP、HTML等來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)展示C:Controller控制器。 Servlet獲取View的請求調(diào)用模型將數(shù)據(jù)交給視圖進(jìn)行展示

MVC結(jié)構(gòu)

目錄

|——app: 應(yīng)用目錄(多模塊)|——單模塊: 即一個主界面，其中包含Model、View、Controller|——多模塊: 即一個主界面，其中包含Model、View、Controller |——config: 配置文件目錄 |——pro: 核心目錄文件 |——public: WEB目錄文件

url訪問控制器

先在public下創(chuàng)建index.php

然后訪問

http://127.0.0.1:3678/public/index.php/

可以訪問得到

如果訪問 app/index.php 可以直接修改url地址 ， 所以我們切換目錄文件

在網(wǎng)站根目錄下添加 public 目錄

訪問 /app/ 就會報錯了

在 app 下寫個控制器

然后訪問控制器里面的方法

http://127.0.0.1:3678/index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456

我們可以找到這些東西

[SCRIPT_NAME] => /index.php [REQUEST_URI] => /index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456 [QUERY_STRING] => id=123&titile=456 // /public/index.php $script_name=$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; // /public/index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456 $request_url=$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; // id=123&titile=456 $query_string=$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];

然后提取我們想要的部分 /index/home/index?

... $url = str_replace($script_name, '' ,$request_url); $url = str_replace($query_string,'',$url); echo $url;

然后去除前面的 / 和后面的 ?

... $url = str_replace($script_name, '' ,$request_url); $url = str_replace($query_string,'',$url); $url = ltrim($url,'/'); $url = rtrim($url,'?'); echo $url;

然后變成數(shù)組的形式

$url = explode('/',$url); print_r($url);

接著各區(qū)所需

$model = $url[0]; $controller = $url[1]; $action = $url[2];

先定義一個路徑

define("APP_PATH",dirname(__DIR__)); ... $path = APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model.'/controller/'.$controller.'.php'; echo $path; ...

實例化控制器 訪問方法

... define("APP_PATH",dirname(__DIR__)); $path = APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model.'/controller/'.$controller.'.php'; require_once $path; $new = new $controller; $new ->$action(); ...

<?php define("APP_PATH",dirname(__DIR__));// /public/index.php $script_name=$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; // /public/index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456 $request_url=$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; // id=123&titile=456 $query_string=$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; $url = str_replace($script_name, '' ,$request_url); $url = str_replace($query_string,'',$url); $url = ltrim($url,'/'); $url = rtrim($url,'?'); $url = explode('/',$url);$model = $url[0]; $controller = $url[1]; $action = $url[2];$path = APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model.'/controller/'.$controller.'.php'; require_once $path; $new = new $controller; $new ->$action();

然后優(yōu)化一下目錄訪問路徑

/public/index.php

... if(count($url) >= 3){$model = $url[0];$controller = $url[1];$action = $url[2]; } else {$model = 'index';$controller = 'Home';$action = 'index'; } ...

/config/app.php

<?php return['default_module' => 'index','default_controller' => 'Home','defalut_action' => 'index', ];

然后替換代碼

/public/index.php

... else{$config = require_once APP_PATH . '/config/app.php';$model = $config['default_model'];$controller = $config['default_controller'];$action = $config['default_action']; }

然后訪問http://127.0.0.1:3678/index.php/

---

但其實不需要很多入口文件，所以這里就把原本的index.php入口文件構(gòu)建到核心文件Pro中,除此之外如果count >=3時，若訪問不存在的控制器例如/index/index/index,他還是會報錯，所以通過下邊的三個if語句，再次進(jìn)行優(yōu)化

/Pro/Pro.php

<?php class Pro {public static function init(){$script_name = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; // /public/index.php$request_url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; // /public/index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456$query_string = $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; // id=123&titile=456// 需要 index/home/index$url = str_replace($script_name,'',$request_url); // /index/home/index?id=123&titile=456$url = str_replace($query_string,'',$url); // /index/home/index?$url = ltrim($url,'/'); // index/home/index?$url = rtrim($url,'?'); // index/home/index$url = explode('/',$url);if(count($url) >= 3){$model = $url[0];$controller = $url[1];$action = $url[2];} else {$config=require_once APP_PATH.'/config/app.php';$model = $config['default_model'];$controller = $config['default_controller'];$action = $config['default_action'];}//判斷應(yīng)用模塊if(!is_dir(APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model)){exit("應(yīng)用模塊<".$model.">不存在!");}$path = APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model.'/controller/'.$controller.'.php';//判斷控制器if(!file_exists($path)){exit("控制器<".$controller.">不存在!");}require_once $path;$new = new $controller;//判斷方法if(!method_exists($new,$action)){exit("方法< ".$action ." >不存在");}return ['new'=> $new,'action'=>$action];} }

/Pro/App.php

<?php define('APP_PATH',dirname(__DIR__)); require_once APP_PATH.'/Pro/Pro.php';$init = Pro::init(); $new = $init['new']; $action = $init['action']; $new->$action();

/public/index.php

<?php define('APP_PATH',dirname(__DIR__)); require_once APP_PATH.'/Pro/App.php'; ?>

此時就可以通過 index.php，訪問到核心文件的入口了，訪問不存在的應(yīng)用模塊、控制器、方法時會返回提示信息，如下圖訪問方法 abc 時，則會輸出提示信息

http://127.0.0.1:3678/index.php/index/home/abc

---

訪問視圖層

/app/index/view/home/index.php

<?php echo "This is view";

此時只需要修改Home.php的index方法，便可直接訪問到視圖層

<?phpclass Home{public function index(){require_once APP_PATH .'/app/index/view/home/index.php';}

---

然后把核心的代碼寫入到核心文件里

/Pro/Pro.php

<?php class Pro {public static function init(){$script_name = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; // /public/index.php$request_url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; // /public/index.php/index/home/index?id=123&titile=456$query_string = $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; // id=123&titile=456// 需要 index/home/index$url = str_replace($script_name,'',$request_url); // /index/home/index?id=123&titile=456$url = str_replace($query_string,'',$url); // /index/home/index?$url = ltrim($url,'/'); // index/home/index?$url = rtrim($url,'?'); // index/home/index$url = explode('/',$url);if(count($url) >= 3){$model = $url[0];$controller = $url[1];$action = $url[2];} else {$config=require_once APP_PATH.'/config/app.php';$model = $config['default_model'];$controller = $config['default_controller'];$action = $config['default_action'];}define('MODEL',$model);//判斷應(yīng)用模塊if(!is_dir(APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model)){exit("應(yīng)用模塊<".$model.">不存在!");}$path = APP_PATH.'/app/'.$model.'/controller/'.$controller.'.php';//判斷控制器if(!file_exists($path)){exit("控制器<".$controller.">不存在!");}require_once $path;$new = new $controller;//判斷方法if(!method_exists($new,$action)){exit("方法< ".$action ." >不存在");}return ['new'=> $new,'action'=>$action];}public static function view($path,$data){$path = APP_PATH .'/app/'.MODEL.'/view/'.$path.'.php';require_once $path;} }

/app/index/controller/Home.php

<?php class Home{// require_once APP_PATH .'/app/index/view/home/index.php';public function index(){Pro::view('home/index','test_test');} }

/app/index/view/home/index.php

<?= $data ?>

此時在訪問就是我們傳入的 test_test 值

---

頁面跳轉(zhuǎn)

先創(chuàng)建個跳轉(zhuǎn)文件 /Pro/Load.php

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title> </head> <body><h1><?=$msg?></h1><h3>頁面自動跳轉(zhuǎn)，等待 <b id="msg">3</b>秒,<a href="javascript:li()">跳轉(zhuǎn)</a></h3><script>var msg = document.getElementById("msg");var i = 3;setInterval(function(){i--;msg.innerHTML = i;if(i<=0){window.location.href= "../<?= $path?>";}},1000);function li(){window.location.href = "../<?= $path ?>";}</script> </body></html>

Pro/Pro.php ,創(chuàng)建load方法

public static function load($path,$msg){$url=APP_PATH.'/Sentiment/Load.php';require_once $url; }

/app/index/controller/Home.php 通過abc()方法跳轉(zhuǎn)到index方法調(diào)用view

<?php class Home{public function index(){Sentiment::view('home/index','test_test');}public function abc(){Sentiment::load('home/index',"Muz1");} }

訪問 /index.php/index/home/abc

---

函數(shù)助手

Pro/Common.php，將之前寫的view、load函數(shù)寫到其中

<?php function dump($data){echo "<pre>";print_r($data);echo "</pre>"; }function view($path,$data){Pro::view($path,$data); }function load($path,$msg){Pro::load($path,$msg); }

在/Pro/App.php，進(jìn)行文件包含

require_once APP_PATH.'/Pro/Common.php';

這時/app/index/controller/Home.php,就不需要通過 Pro::view() 這種方式調(diào)用了，而是直接 view(); 即可

除此外dump方法便于輸出數(shù)組，當(dāng)index方法中，是數(shù)組時調(diào)用dump

<?phpclass Home {public function index(){$data = ['Muz1' => 1,'test' => 2];dump($data);}public function abc(){Pro::load('home/index','Muz1');} }

結(jié)果

運(yùn)行流程是

/public/index.php -->require_once APP_PATH.'/Pro/App.php'; /Pro/App.php -->require_once APP_PATH.'/Pro/Pro.php';在Pro.php獲取控制器和方法值 /app/index/controller/Home.php(由于App.php包含了Common.php,所以就不用通過::調(diào)用方法)

---

總結(jié)

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的[php]-MVC的全部內(nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。