Network socket

Network socket或socket是一臺或多臺服務器中不同應用程序之間相互通信的接口.socket可以用于不同的網絡協議, 如HTTP, FTP等. 切不同的sockets可以同時存在.

Network sockets類型如下:

• Datagram sockets(SOCK_DGRAM), 即無鏈接的sockets, 使用UDP協議(User Datagram Protocol).
• Stream sockets(SOCK_STREAM), 即面向鏈接的sockets, 使用TCP協議(Transmission Control Protocol), SCTP協議(Stream Control Transmission Protocol), 或者DCCP協議(Datagram Congestion Control Protocol).
• Raw sockets(or raw IP sockets)常見于路由和其他網絡設備. 應用程序中不常用.

socket通信

主機間的通信主要有TCP和UDP.

TCP Sockets

客戶端代碼

// init tcpAddr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr(resolver, serverAddr) if err != nil {// handle error } conn, err := net.DialTCP(network, nil, tcpAddr) if err != nil {// handle error }// send message _, err = conn.Write({message}) if err != nil {// handle error }// receive message var buf [{buffSize}]byte _, err := conn.Read(buf[0:]) if err != nil {// handle error }

服務端代碼

// init tcpAddr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr(resolver, serverAddr)if err != nil {// handle error}listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", tcpAddr) if err != nil {// handle error }// listen for an incoming connection conn, err := listener.Accept() if err != nil {// handle error }// send message if _, err := conn.Write({message}); err != nil {// handle error } // receive message buf := make([]byte, 512) n, err := conn.Read(buf[0:]) if err != nil {// handle error }

UDP Socket

客戶端代碼

// init raddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", address) if err != nil {// handle error }conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, raddr) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // send message buffer := make([]byte, maxBufferSize) n, addr, err := conn.ReadFrom(buffer) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // receive message buffer := make([]byte, maxBufferSize) n, err = conn.WriteTo(buffer[:n], addr) if err != nil {// handle error }

服務端代碼

// init udpAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr(resolver, serverAddr) if err != nil {// handle error }conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", udpAddr) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // send message buffer := make([]byte, maxBufferSize) n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // receive message buffer := make([]byte, maxBufferSize) n, err = conn.WriteToUDP(buffer[:n], addr) if err != nil {// handle error }

WebSocket

WebSocket是在單個TCP鏈接上建立可以雙向通信的渠道. 即不同于http(s), 客戶端需要發送請求(request)之后才能得到相應(Response). 客戶端可以發送消息, 也可以等待服務端的消息, 服務端也是如此. 更多WebSocket協議可以查看: RFC 6455 specification.

WebSocket客戶端請求:

GET /chat HTTP/1.1 Host: server.example.com Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw== Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13 Origin: http://example.com

服務端響應

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk= Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat

用golang創建WebSocket

基于net/http類庫創建WebSocket

大致步驟如下:

發起握手(websocket只需要一次握手)

從客戶端接收數據包

向客戶端發送數據包

關閉握手

具體查看原文: https://yalantis.com/blog/how-to-build-websockets-in-go/

通過第三方類庫GOBWAS創建WebSocket

go get github.com/gobwas/ws

客戶端代碼

// init // schema – can be ws or wss // host, port – ws server conn, _, _, err := ws.DefaultDialer.Dial(ctx, {schema}://{host}:{port}) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // send message err = wsutil.WriteClientMessage(conn, ws.OpText, {message}) if err != nil {// handle error }....... // receive message msg, _, err := wsutil.ReadServerData(conn) if err != nil {// handle error }

服務器端代碼

// init listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", op.Port) if err != nil {// handle error } conn, err := listener.Accept() if err != nil {// handle error } upgrader := ws.Upgrader{} if _, err = upgrader.Upgrade(conn); err != nil {// handle error }....... // receive message for { reader := wsutil.NewReader(conn, ws.StateServerSide)_, err := reader.NextFrame()if err != nil {// handle error}data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)if err != nil {// handle error}....... } ....... // send message msg := "new server message" if err := wsutil.WriteServerText(conn, {message}); err != nil {// handle error }

主流第三方Websocket類庫有:

• http://golang.org/x/net/websocket
• http://github.com/gorilla/websocket
• http://github.com/gobwas/ws
• http://github.com/sacOO7/gowebsocket

(先告一段落,后續再修改)

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