CoffeeScript

http://coffeescript.org/

CoffeeScript (GitHub repo) 是一個(gè)使用純Ruby編寫的新編程語(yǔ)言，創(chuàng)建者 Jeremy Ashkenas戲稱它是- JavaScript的不那么鋪張（買弄）的小兄弟。因?yàn)镃offeeScript會(huì)將Ruby編譯成JavaScript，而且大部分結(jié)構(gòu)都相似，但不同的是，CoffeeScript擁有更嚴(yán)格的語(yǔ)法。

類似的http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2010/12/languages-on-javascript-vms/?

引入JavaScript虛擬機(jī)的語(yǔ)言：CoffeeScript 1.0、StratifiedJS、利用C/C++的Emscripten和Python

Dart

http://www.dartlang.org/

Dart是Google推出的新的結(jié)構(gòu)化Web編程語(yǔ)言。

Dart is a class-based, object-oriented language with lexical scoping, closures, and optional static typing. Dart addresses issues with current web programming languages and is easy to learn for a wide range of developers.

JavaScript has been around for seventeen years. When it was first introduced, there was no Web 2.0, no Ajax, no CSS, and very little client-side interactivity at all. When JavaScript first came out, the primary use case was validating client-side forms with alert boxes!
Over the next seventeen years, JavaScript the language has evolved from a proprietary language owned and slowly developed by Netscape Communications to a web standard that regularly adds new features. But as fast as a committee can add new features to the standard, the Web evolves infinitely faster.
And then along came Dart. Dart asks, given what we know about the Web today, how might we build JavaScript from scratch? How can it load and run as fast as possible? How can we write it so that we can easily define and load external libraries?
How can we make it easy for developers to write beautiful code?
If Dart is the answer to those many questions (and I will try to make the case? that it is), then Dart is quite possibly the most exciting technology to come our way in a very long time.

Rust

http://www.rust-lang.org/

Rust是針對(duì)多核體系提出的語(yǔ)言，并且吸收一些其他動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)言的重要特性，比如不需要管理內(nèi)存，比如不會(huì)出現(xiàn)Null指針等等。

Node.JS

http://nodejs.org/

Node.js是一套用來(lái)編寫高性能網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的JavaScript工具包，一系列的變化由此開始。比較獨(dú)特的是，Node.js會(huì)假設(shè)你是在POSIX環(huán)境下運(yùn)行它Linux 或 Mac OS X。如果你是在Windows下，那就需要安裝MinGW以獲得一個(gè)仿POSIX的環(huán)境。在Node中，Http是首要的。Node為創(chuàng)建http服務(wù)器作了優(yōu)化，所以你在網(wǎng)上看到的大部分示例和庫(kù)都是集中在web上(http框架、模板庫(kù)等）。

總結(jié)

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