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Thrift入门及Java实例演示

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來源：http://www.micmiu.com/soa/rpc/thrift-sample/

Thrift入門及Java實例演示

作者: Michael日期: 2012 年 6 月 14 日 發表評論 (12)查看評論

目錄：

  • 概述
  • 下載配置
  • 基本概念
  • 數據類型
  • 服務端編碼基本步驟
  • 客戶端編碼基本步驟
  • 數據傳輸協議
  • 實例演示（java）
  • ?thrift生成代碼
  • ?實現接口Iface
  • TSimpleServer服務模型
  • TThreadPoolServer 服務模型
  • TNonblockingServer 服務模型
  • THsHaServer服務模型
  • 異步客戶端

[一]、概述

Thrift是一個軟件框架，用來進行可擴展且跨語言的服務的開發。它結合了功能強大的軟件堆棧和代碼生成引擎，以構建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 等等編程語言間無縫結合的、高效的服務。

Thrift最初由facebook開發，07年四月開放源碼，08年5月進入apache孵化器。thrift允許你定義一個簡單的定義文件中的數據類型和服務接口。以作為輸入文件，編譯器生成代碼用來方便地生成RPC客戶端和服務器通信的無縫跨編程語言。

官網地址：thrift.apache.org

推薦值得一看的文章：

  • http://jnb.ociweb.com/jnb/jnbJun2009.html
  • http://wiki.apache.org/thrift
  • http://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf

[二]、下載配置

到官網下載最新版本，截止今日（2012-06-11）最新版本為0.8.0.

1. 如果是Maven構建項目的，直接在pom.xml 中添加如下內容：

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1<dependency>
2??<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
3??<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
4??<version>0.8.0</version>
5</dependency>

2.如果自己編譯lib包，把下載的壓縮包解壓到X:盤，然后在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java 目錄下運行ant進行自動編譯，會在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java\build\ 目錄下看到編譯好的lib包：libthrift-0.8.0.jar

[三]、基本概念

1.數據類型

  • 基本類型：
    • bool：布爾值，true 或 false，對應 Java 的 boolean
    • byte：8 位有符號整數，對應 Java 的 byte
    • i16：16 位有符號整數，對應 Java 的 short
    • i32：32 位有符號整數，對應 Java 的 int
    • i64：64 位有符號整數，對應 Java 的 long
    • double：64 位浮點數，對應 Java 的 double
    • string：utf-8編碼的字符串，對應 Java 的 String
  • 結構體類型：
    • struct：定義公共的對象，類似于 C 語言中的結構體定義，在 Java 中是一個 JavaBean
  • 容器類型：
    • list：對應 Java 的 ArrayList
    • set：對應 Java 的 HashSet
    • map：對應 Java 的 HashMap
  • 異常類型：
    • exception：對應 Java 的 Exception
  • 服務類型：
    • service：對應服務的類

2.服務端編碼基本步驟：

  • 實現服務處理接口impl
  • 創建TProcessor
  • 創建TServerTransport
  • 創建TProtocol
  • 創建TServer
  • 啟動Server

3.客戶端編碼基本步驟：

  • 創建Transport
  • 創建TProtocol
  • 基于TTransport和TProtocol創建 Client
  • 調用Client的相應方法

4.數據傳輸協議

  • TBinaryProtocol : 二進制格式.
  • TCompactProtocol : 壓縮格式
  • TJSONProtocol : JSON格式
  • TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只寫協議, 生成的文件很容易通過腳本語言解析

tips:客戶端和服務端的協議要一致

[四]、實例演示

1.?thrift生成代碼

創建Thrift文件：G:\test\thrift\demoHello.thrift ,內容如下：

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1namespace java com.micmiu.thrift.demo
2?
3service? HelloWorldService {
4??string sayHello(1:string username)
5}

目錄結構如下：

G:\test\thrift>tree /F 卷 other 的文件夾 PATH 列表 卷序列號為 D238-BE47 G:.demoHello.thriftdemouser.thriftthrift-0.8.0.exe沒有子文件夾

thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官網提供的windows下編譯工具，運用這個工具生成相關代碼：

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1thrift-0.8.0.exe -r -gen java ./demoHello.thrift

生成后的目錄結構如下：

G:\test\thrift>tree /F 卷 other 的文件夾 PATH 列表 卷序列號為 D238-BE47 G:. │ demoHello.thrift │ demouser.thrift │ thrift-0.8.0.exe │ └─gen-java└─com└─micmiu└─thrift└─demoHelloWorldService.java

將生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己測試的工程中，我的工程是用maven構建的，故在pom.xml中增加如下內容：

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1<dependency>
2????<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
3????<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
4????<version>0.8.0</version>
5</dependency>
6<dependency>
7????<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
8????<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
9????<version>1.5.8</version>
10</dependency>

2. 實現接口Iface

java代碼：HelloWorldImpl.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TException;
4?
5/**
6?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
7?*
8?* @author Michael
9?*
10?*/
11public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface {
12?
13????public HelloWorldImpl() {
14????}
15?
16????@Override
17????public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {
18????????return "Hi," + username + " welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com";
19????}
20?
21}

3.TSimpleServer服務端

簡單的單線程服務模型，一般用于測試。

編寫服務端server代碼：HelloServerDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
6import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
7import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol;
8import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
9import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
10import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
11?
12/**
13?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
14?*
15?* @author Michael
16?*
17?*/
18public class HelloServerDemo {
19????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
20?
21????public void startServer() {
22????????try {
23????????????System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....");
24?
25????????????TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
26????????????????????new HelloWorldImpl());
27????????????// HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface> tprocessor =
28????????????// new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
29????????????// new HelloWorldImpl());
30?
31????????????// 簡單的單線程服務模型，一般用于測試
32????????????TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
33????????????TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
34????????????tArgs.processor(tprocessor);
35????????????tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
36????????????// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
37????????????// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());
38????????????TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs);
39????????????server.serve();
40?
41????????} catch (Exception e) {
42????????????System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
43????????????e.printStackTrace();
44????????}
45????}
46?
47????/**
48?????* @param args
49?????*/
50????public static void main(String[] args) {
51????????HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
52????????server.startServer();
53????}
54?
55}

編寫客戶端Client代碼：HelloClientDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TException;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
6import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
7import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
8import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
9import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
10import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
11?
12/**
13?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
14?*
15?* @author Michael
16?*
17?*/
18public class HelloClientDemo {
19?
20????public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
21????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
22????public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
23?
24????/**
25?????*
26?????* @param userName
27?????*/
28????public void startClient(String userName) {
29????????TTransport transport = null;
30????????try {
31????????????transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
32????????????// 協議要和服務端一致
33????????????TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
34????????????// TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
35????????????// TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
36????????????HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(
37????????????????????protocol);
38????????????transport.open();
39????????????String result = client.sayHello(userName);
40????????????System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
41????????} catch (TTransportException e) {
42????????????e.printStackTrace();
43????????} catch (TException e) {
44????????????e.printStackTrace();
45????????} finally {
46????????????if (null != transport) {
47????????????????transport.close();
48????????????}
49????????}
50????}
51?
52????/**
53?????* @param args
54?????*/
55????public static void main(String[] args) {
56????????HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
57????????client.startClient("Michael");
58?
59????}
60?
61}

先運行服務端程序，日志如下：

HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....

再運行客戶端調用程序，日志如下：

Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

測試成功，和預期的返回信息一致。

4.TThreadPoolServer?服務模型

線程池服務模型，使用標準的阻塞式IO，預先創建一組線程處理請求。

編寫服務端代碼：HelloServerDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
6import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
7import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
8?
9/**
10?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
11?*
12?* @author Michael
13?*
14?*/
15public class HelloServerDemo {
16????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
17?
18????public void startServer() {
19????????try {
20????????????System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ....");
21?
22????????????TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
23????????????????????new HelloWorldImpl());
24?
25?????????????TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
26?????????????TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(
27?????????????serverTransport);
28?????????????ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
29?????????????ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
30?
31????????????// 線程池服務模型，使用標準的阻塞式IO，預先創建一組線程處理請求。
32?????????????TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);
33?????????????server.serve();
34?
35????????} catch (Exception e) {
36????????????System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
37????????????e.printStackTrace();
38????????}
39????}
40?
41????/**
42?????* @param args
43?????*/
44????public static void main(String[] args) {
45????????HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
46????????server.startServer();
47????}
48?
49}

客戶端Client代碼和之前的一樣，只要數據傳輸的協議一致即可，客戶端測試成功，結果如下：

Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

5.TNonblockingServer 服務模型

使用非阻塞式IO，服務端和客戶端需要指定 TFramedTransport 數據傳輸的方式。

編寫服務端代碼：HelloServerDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
6import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
7import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
8import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
9?
10/**
11?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
12?*
13?* @author Michael
14?*
15?*/
16public class HelloServerDemo {
17????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
18?
19????public void startServer() {
20????????try {
21????????????System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");
22?
23????????????TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
24????????????????????new HelloWorldImpl());
25?
26????????????TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
27????????????????????SERVER_PORT);
28????????????TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(
29????????????????????tnbSocketTransport);
30????????????tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
31????????????tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
32????????????tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
33?
34????????????// 使用非阻塞式IO，服務端和客戶端需要指定TFramedTransport數據傳輸的方式
35????????????TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
36????????????server.serve();
37?
38????????} catch (Exception e) {
39????????????System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
40????????????e.printStackTrace();
41????????}
42????}
43?
44????/**
45?????* @param args
46?????*/
47????public static void main(String[] args) {
48????????HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
49????????server.startServer();
50????}
51?
52}

編寫客戶端代碼：HelloClientDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TException;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
6import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
7import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
8import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
9import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
10?
11/**
12?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
13?*
14?* @author Michael
15?*
16?*/
17public class HelloClientDemo {
18?
19????public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
20????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
21????public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
22?
23????/**
24?????*
25?????* @param userName
26?????*/
27????public void startClient(String userName) {
28????????TTransport transport = null;
29????????try {
30????????????transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP,
31????????????????????SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
32????????????// 協議要和服務端一致
33????????????TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
34????????????HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(
35????????????????????protocol);
36????????????transport.open();
37????????????String result = client.sayHello(userName);
38????????????System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
39????????} catch (TTransportException e) {
40????????????e.printStackTrace();
41????????} catch (TException e) {
42????????????e.printStackTrace();
43????????} finally {
44????????????if (null != transport) {
45????????????????transport.close();
46????????????}
47????????}
48????}
49?
50????/**
51?????* @param args
52?????*/
53????public static void main(String[] args) {
54????????HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
55????????client.startClient("Michael");
56?
57????}
58?
59}

客戶端的測試成功，結果如下：

Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

6.THsHaServer服務模型

半同步半異步的服務端模型，需要指定為： TFramedTransport 數據傳輸的方式。

編寫服務端代碼：HelloServerDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
6import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
7import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
8import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
9import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
10import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
11import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
12import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
13import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
14?
15/**
16?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
17?*
18?* @author Michael
19?*
20?*/
21public class HelloServerDemo {
22????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
23?
24????public void startServer() {
25????????try {
26????????????System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ....");
27?
28????????????TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
29????????????????????new HelloWorldImpl());
30?
31????????????TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
32????????????????????SERVER_PORT);
33????????????THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
34????????????thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
35????????????thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
36????????????thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
37?
38????????????//半同步半異步的服務模型
39????????????TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);
40????????????server.serve();
41?
42????????} catch (Exception e) {
43????????????System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
44????????????e.printStackTrace();
45????????}
46????}
47?
48????/**
49?????* @param args
50?????*/
51????public static void main(String[] args) {
52????????HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
53????????server.startServer();
54????}
55?
56}

客戶端代碼和上面 4 中的類似，只要注意傳輸協議一致以及指定傳輸方式為TFramedTransport。

7.異步客戶端

編寫服務端代碼：HelloServerDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
4import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
5import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
6import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
7import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
8import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
9?
10/**
11?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
12?*
13?* @author Michael
14?*
15?*/
16public class HelloServerDemo {
17????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
18?
19????public void startServer() {
20????????try {
21????????????System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");
22?
23????????????TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
24????????????????????new HelloWorldImpl());
25?
26????????????TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
27????????????????????SERVER_PORT);
28????????????TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(
29????????????????????tnbSocketTransport);
30????????????tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
31????????????tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
32????????????tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
33?
34????????????// 使用非阻塞式IO，服務端和客戶端需要指定TFramedTransport數據傳輸的方式
35????????????TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
36????????????server.serve();
37?
38????????} catch (Exception e) {
39????????????System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
40????????????e.printStackTrace();
41????????}
42????}
43?
44????/**
45?????* @param args
46?????*/
47????public static void main(String[] args) {
48????????HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
49????????server.startServer();
50????}
51?
52}

編寫客戶端Client代碼：HelloAsynClientDemo.java

查看源代碼 打印幫助
1package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
2?
3import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
4import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
5?
6import org.apache.thrift.TException;
7import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;
8import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;
9import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
10import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;
11import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;
12import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport;
13?
14import com.micmiu.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call;
15?
16/**
17?* blog http://www.micmiu.com
18?*
19?* @author Michael
20?*
21?*/
22public class HelloAsynClientDemo {
23?
24????public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
25????public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
26????public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
27?
28????/**
29?????*
30?????* @param userName
31?????*/
32????public void startClient(String userName) {
33????????try {
34????????????TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();
35????????????TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP,
36????????????????????SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
37?
38????????????TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
39????????????HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(
40????????????????????tprotocol, clientManager, transport);
41????????????System.out.println("Client start .....");
42?
43????????????CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
44????????????AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);
45????????????System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");
46????????????asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);
47????????????System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");
48????????????boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
49????????????System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
50????????} catch (Exception e) {
51????????????e.printStackTrace();
52????????}
53????????System.out.println("startClient end.");
54????}
55?
56????public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> {
57????????private CountDownLatch latch;
58?
59????????public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {
60????????????this.latch = latch;
61????????}
62?
63????????@Override
64????????public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {
65????????????System.out.println("onComplete");
66????????????try {
67????????????????// Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);
68????????????????System.out.println("AsynCall result =:"
69????????????????????????+ response.getResult().toString());
70????????????} catch (TException e) {
71????????????????e.printStackTrace();
72????????????} catch (Exception e) {
73????????????????e.printStackTrace();
74????????????} finally {
75????????????????latch.countDown();
76????????????}
77????????}
78?
79????????@Override
80????????public void onError(Exception exception) {
81????????????System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());
82????????????latch.countDown();
83????????}
84????}
85?
86????/**
87?????* @param args
88?????*/
89????public static void main(String[] args) {
90????????HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();
91????????client.startClient("Michael");
92?
93????}
94?
95}

先運行服務程序，再運行客戶端程序，測試結果如下：

Client start ..... call method sayHello start ... call method sayHello .... end onComplete AsynCall result =:Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com latch.await =:true startClient end.

————

原創文章，轉載請注明： 轉載自micmiu – 軟件開發+生活點滴[ http://www.micmiu.com/ ]

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