dubbo框架一共支持9種協議。其中，默認的，也是最常用的，那就是dubbo協議。

既然是網絡協議，那么，必然要有端口號。

所以，在使用dubbo協議暴露服務時，需要配置dubbo端口。

dubbo協議的默認端口是20880。

springboot配置：

dubbo:
  application:
    name: omsbase-provider
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://192.168.40.84:${embedded.zookeeper.port}
#    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20888

一個應用程序啟動后，dubbo即開啟端口偵聽請求。

linux服務器上查看dubbo端口：

[root@chuxing-service ~]# netstat -tunpl|grep 20880
tcp6       0      0 :::20880                :::*                    LISTEN      16074/java          
[root@chuxing-service ~]# netstat -tunpl|grep 2088*
tcp6       0      0 :::20880                :::*                    LISTEN      16074/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::20881                :::*                    LISTEN      15588/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::20888                :::*                    LISTEN      6983/java  

通過各個dubbo端口對應的pid，我們來看看相應的主進程應用：

[root@chuxing-service ~]# ps -ef|grep 16074
root     12630 11879  0 09:50 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto 16074
root     16074     1  0 Apr26 ?        00:04:31 java -Xms2g -Xmx4g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:MetaspaceSize=256m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256m -server -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=85 -Xnoclassgc -Xverify:none -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled -jar /www/service/car-pub-server-provider/bin/../car-pub-server-provider.jar

[root@chuxing-service ~]# ps -ef|grep 15588
root     12666 11879  0 09:50 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto 15588
root     15588     1  0 Apr26 ?        00:03:44 java -Xms2g -Xmx4g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:MetaspaceSize=256m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256m -server -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=85 -Xnoclassgc -Xverify:none -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled -jar /www/service/bosskg-server-provider/bin/../bosskg-server-provider.jar

netstat -apn/netstat -n

[root@chuxing-service ~]# netstat -apn |grep 20880
tcp6       0      0 :::20880                :::*                    LISTEN      16074/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:50120     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED 10974/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:36100     ESTABLISHED 16074/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:36104     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED 6983/java           
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:50120     ESTABLISHED 16074/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:36100     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED 7726/java           
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:36104     ESTABLISHED 16074/java          
[root@chuxing-service ~]# netstat -n |grep 20880
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:50120     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:36100     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:36104     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:50120     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:36100     192.168.40.84:20880     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 192.168.40.84:20880     192.168.40.84:36104     ESTABLISHED

注意：因為端口不能重復，所以，當一臺服務器上同時存在多個應用要暴露dubbo服務時，需要指定不同的協議端口。否則的話，程序起不來。

我們可以這樣模擬：一個使用了dubbo提供服務的應用程序，本地將其啟動。此時，指定的端口將被占用。如果我們再運行一個testcase方法時，就會發現啟動失敗，提示指定的dubbo端口已經被占用。異常信息：

2020-04-24 16:26:33.231 [main] ERROR org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication:858 - Application run failed
org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Fail to start server(url: dubbo://10.8.0.58:20888/com.emax.omsbase.rpcapi.modules.enterprise.service.EnterpriseService?anyhost=true&application=omsbase-provider&bean.name=ServiceBean:com.emax.omsbase.rpcapi.modules.enterprise.service.EnterpriseService&bind.ip=10.8.0.58&bind.port=20888&channel.readonly.sent=true&codec=dubbo&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&generic=false&heartbeat=60000&interface=com.emax.omsbase.rpcapi.modules.enterprise.service.EnterpriseService&methods=checkEnterprise,saveEnterprise,saveEnterpriseProductConfig,queryIndustryType1,getPage,selectLoginAcc,queryIndustryType2,updateEnterpriseById,updateEntStatusByEntId,resetEntAccountPasswordByEntId,openEnterpriseByEntId,updateEnterpriseProductConfigById,updateEnterpriseBillConfigById&pid=21060&qos.enable=false&register=true&release=2.7.3&side=provider&timeout=15000&timestamp=1587716790773) Failed to bind NettyServer on /10.8.0.58:20888, cause: Address already in use: bind
...
Caused by: org.apache.dubbo.remoting.RemotingException: Failed to bind NettyServer on /10.8.0.58:20888, cause: Address already in use: bind
...
Caused by: java.net.BindException: Address already in use: bind

這篇文章不錯：dubbo 支持的9種協議

另，netstat命令介紹

總結

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