python2048游戏实训报告_Python 实现 2048 游戏
2048 游戲
wiki:《2048》是一款單人在線和移動端游戲，由19歲的意大利人 Gabriele Cirulli 于2014年3月開發。游戲任務是在一個網格上滑動小方塊來進行組合，直到形成一個帶有有數字2048的方塊。
代碼
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import random
import curses
from itertools import chain
class Action(object):
'''
游戲控制顯示
'''
UP = 'up'
LEFT = 'left'
DOWN = 'down'
RIGHT = 'right'
RESTART = 'restart'
EXIT = 'exit'
letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq']
# 字母編碼，ord返回對應的十進制整數
actions = [UP, LEFT, DOWN, RIGHT, RESTART, EXIT]
# 用戶行為
actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 2))
# 將字母的十進制整數和用戶行為一一對應組合起來,并轉換成字典類型
# 因為不區分大小寫，所以這里用戶行為需要*2
def __init__(self, stdscr):
self.stdscr = stdscr
def get(self):
char = "N"
while char not in self.actions_dict:
char = self.stdscr.getch()
return self.actions_dict[char]
class Grid(object):
def __init__(self, size):
self.size = size
self.cells = None
self.reset()
def reset(self):
self.cells = [[0 for i in range(self.size)] for j in range(self.size)]
# 初始化一個二維數組，值都是0，作為棋盤的每格。
self.add_random_item()
self.add_random_item()
def add_random_item(self):
'''
隨機在某個格子輸出2或4
'''
empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(self.size) for j in range(self.size) if self.cells[i][j] == 0]
(i, j) = random.choice(empty_cells)
self.cells[i][j] = 4 if random.randrange(100) >= 90 else 2
def transpose(self):
'''
利用 Python 內置的 zip(*) 方法來進行矩陣轉置
'''
self.cells = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.cells)]
def invert(self):
'''
將矩陣的每一行倒序
'''
self.cells = [row[::-1] for row in self.cells]
@staticmethod
def move_row_left(row):
'''
一行向左合并
'''
def tighten(row):
'''把零散的非零單元擠到一塊'''
new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]
# 先將非零的元素全拿出來加入到新列表
new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]
# 按照原列表的大小，給新列表后面補零
return new_row
def merge(row):
'''對鄰近元素進行合并'''
pair = False
new_row = []
for i in range(len(row)):
if pair:
new_row.append(2 * row[i])
# 合并后，加入乘 2 后的元素在 0 元素后面
GameManager.score += 2 * row[i]
# 更新分數
pair = False
else:
# 判斷鄰近元素能否合并
if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:
pair = True
new_row.append(0)
# 可以合并時，新列表加入元素 0
else:
new_row.append(row[i])
# 不能合并，新列表中加入該元素
# 斷言合并后不會改變行列大小，否則報錯
assert len(new_row) == len(row)
return new_row
# 先擠到一塊再合并再擠到一塊
return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))
def move_left(self):
self.cells = [self.move_row_left(row) for row in self.cells]
def move_right(self):
self.invert()
self.move_left()
self.invert()
def move_up(self):
self.transpose()
self.move_left()
self.transpose()
def move_down(self):
self.transpose()
self.move_right()
self.transpose()
@staticmethod
def row_can_move_left(row):
def change(i):
if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:
return True
if row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]:
return True
return False
return any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1))
def can_move_left(self):
return any(self.row_can_move_left(row) for row in self.cells)
def can_move_right(self):
self.invert()
can = self.can_move_left()
self.invert()
return can
def can_move_up(self):
self.transpose()
can = self.can_move_left()
self.transpose()
return can
def can_move_down(self):
self.transpose()
can = self.can_move_right()
self.transpose()
return can
def can_move_restart(self):
self.transpose()
can = self.can_move_down()
self.transpose()
return can
def can_move_exit(self):
self.transpose()
can = self.can_move_up()
self.transpose()
return can
class Screen(object):
'''
棋盤類
'''
help_string1 = '(W)up (S)down (A)left (D)right'
help_string2 = ' (R)Restart (Q)Exit'
over_string = ' GAME OVER'
win_string = ' YOU WIN!'
def __init__(self, screen=None, grid=None, score=0, best_score=0, over=False, win=False):
self.grid = grid
self.score = score
self.over = over
self.win = win
self.screen = screen
self.counter = 0
def cast(self, string):
'''
繪制函數
'''
self.screen.addstr(string + '\n')
# addstr() 方法將傳入的內容展示到終端
def draw_row(self, row):
'''
繪制豎直分割線的函數
'''
self.cast(''.join('|{: ^5}'.format(num) if num > 0 else '| ' for num in row) + '|')
def draw(self):
self.screen.clear()
# 清空屏幕
self.cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))
for row in self.grid.cells:
self.cast('+-----' * self.grid.size + '+')
self.draw_row(row)
self.cast('+-----' * self.grid.size + '+')
# 繪制分數
if self.win:
self.cast(self.win_string)
else:
if self.over:
self.cast(self.over_string)
else:
self.cast(self.help_string1)
self.cast(self.help_string2)
# 繪制提示文字
class GameManager(object):
score = 0
'''
游戲狀態控制類
'''
def __init__(self, size=4, win_num=2048):
self.size = size
# 棋盤寬高
self.win_num = win_num
# 過關分數
self.reset()
# 重置清屏
def reset(self):
self.state = 'init'
# 初始化狀態
self.win = False
# 勝利狀態
self.over = False
# 失敗狀態
# self.score = GameManager.score
# 當前分數
self.grid = Grid(self.size)
# 創建棋盤
self.grid.reset()
# 棋盤清屏
@property
def screen(self):
'''
顯示棋盤
'''
return Screen(screen=self.stdscr, score=GameManager.score, grid=self.grid, win=self.win, over=self.over)
def move(self, direction):
# 判斷棋盤操作是否存在且可行
if self.can_move(direction):
getattr(self.grid, 'move_' + direction)()
# getattr會調用grid類中的move_left、move_right
# move_up、move_down
self.grid.add_random_item()
return True
else:
return False
@property
def is_win(self):
'''
判斷是否勝利
'''
self.win = max(chain(*self.grid.cells)) >= self.win_num
return self.win
@property
def is_over(self):
'''
判斷是否失敗
'''
self.over = not any(self.can_move(move) for move in self.action.actions)
return self.over
def can_move(self, direction):
# getattr會調用grid類中的can_move__left、can_move_right
# can_move_up、can_move_down
return getattr(self.grid, 'can_move_' + direction)()
def state_init(self):
'''
初始化狀態
'''
self.reset()
return 'game'
def state_game(self):
'''
游戲狀態
'''
self.screen.draw()
# 顯示得分和棋盤
action = self.action.get()
# 獲取當前用戶行為
if action == Action.RESTART:
return 'init'
if action == Action.EXIT:
return 'exit'
if self.move(action):
if self.is_win:
return 'win'
if self.is_over:
return 'over'
return 'game'
def _restart_or_exit(self):
'''
重置游戲或退出游戲
'''
self.screen.draw()
return 'init' if self.action.get() == Action.RESTART else 'exit'
def state_win(self):
'''
勝利狀態
'''
return self._restart_or_exit()
def state_over(self):
'''
失敗狀態
'''
return self._restart_or_exit()
def __call__(self, stdscr):
curses.use_default_colors()
self.stdscr = stdscr
self.action = Action(stdscr)
while self.state != 'exit':
self.state = getattr(self, 'state_' + self.state)()
# getattr會依次調用當前類中的state_init、state_game
if __name__ == '__main__':
recursionlimit = sys.getrecursionlimit()
# 因為此游戲中的遞歸調用可能會超過最大遞歸深度，
# 這里判斷python中的最大遞歸深度是否小于2000，
# 沒有則賦值2000
if recursionlimit < 2000:
sys.setrecursionlimit(2000)
curses.wrapper(GameManager())
創建 2048.py，內容如上。
執行
python3 2048.py
總結
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