0 復雜句的邏輯習題

主題地址

1. 嵌套從句/短語	點擊跳轉
2. that 省略	點擊跳轉
3. 定語從句的省略	點擊跳轉
4. 規則變化的過去分詞	點擊跳轉

• 復雜句與復合句不同：
  • 復雜句：結構很復雜
  • 復合句：并列復合句和從屬復合句

1. Embedded clauses 內嵌從句

• 主謂分離結構： 主語， 名詞性從句/定語從句/狀語從句， 謂語 …

• 主謂分離結構： The government, if recent reports can be trusted, has decided to raise interest rates. 內嵌了 if 引導的條件狀語從句，將主語和謂語分離開了

• 主謂分離結構： The strikes which have caused serious disruption to travellers on a number of airlines in recent months are likely to continue if agreement is not reached. which 引導的定語從句，將主語和謂語分開

• 主謂分離結構： A bus which ran downhill out of control after its brakes failed crashed into a factory wall, damaging the premises and slightly several passengers.

• Why do the embedded clauses make the above sentences harder to read? They separate the subject from the verb.

  • Mr Andrews, when he saw the policeman, started running as fast as he could. 時間狀語從句

  • A liverpool man who lives alone except for his cat has just won the lottery. 定語從句

  • Pasteur’s discovery that microscopic bacteria caused diseases revolutionised medicine. 同位語從句

2. descriptive phrases 描述性語言

• 主謂分離結構： The woman in the blue dress over there by the parking meter looks very like Susie.
• 主謂分離結構： That picture of the children standing in front of the palace talking to the Prime Minister is wonderful. standing 分詞結構作狀語

3. that 省略

• 當定語從句的引導詞 / 先行詞在從句中作賓語時，引導詞可省

  • Several people ((that) Martin knew well [when he was at university years before]) had now become prominent members of the government.

• 當賓語從句引導詞是 that 的時候，引導詞可省

  • A man who claimed (that) he was an experienced surgeon and carried out several operations, had no medical training whatever

• 表語從句可以省略 that， 定語從句中當先行詞是常見的時間名詞，地點名詞，原因名詞，引導詞為 when、where、why 時，可以直接去掉，如：the day … 、the way …

  • The spanner Oliver was trying to get the wheel-nuts off with was the wrong size. 定語從句， The spanner 做后面從句 with 的賓語
  • The spanner with which Oliver was trying to get the wheel-nuts off was the wrong size. 國外常用句型

4. 定語從句的省略

• 先行詞 + 關系詞 + be + doing / done / 形容詞短語 / 介詞結構，省略關系詞 + be
• 狀語從句的省略：
  • 前提： 主從主語皆相同
  • 省略對象： 從句主語 + 從句中的 be 動詞
  • 省略后的結構： 狀語從句引導詞 + 分詞/介詞結構
• 例句：
  • Many of the objects (which were) recovered by the police were found to have been stolen from homes in the neighbourhood.
  • The majority of those (who were) interviewed were opposed to the recommend
  • Two wolves (which were) seen roaming in the New Forest are believed to have escaped from a nearby private zoo.
  • Most of the great museums (which were) built in the 19th century were partly fine by donations from wealthy philanthropists.

5. 規則變化的過去分詞

• 看起來是過去式，但實際上是過去分詞（做非謂語或者被動形式）
• 只有及物動詞才有被動形式，要么及物動詞 + 賓語，要么被動
  • A number of the children (who were) asked for comments on the proposal to expel some immigrants told the police (that) they disagreed.

6. 多重否定結構

• It was not that Mary didn’t believe that John had not been telling the truth.

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