Boost 序列化
原文鏈接： https://blog.csdn.net/qq2399431200/article/details/45621921
1. 編譯器 gcc, boost 1.55
2.1第一個簡單的例子 —— Hello World ，將字符串內(nèi)容歸檔到文本文件中
#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <string>#include <cstdio>#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>// 清單1.將字符串保存到文本歸檔文件中void save(){std::ofstream file("archive.txt");boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(file);std::string s = "Hello world\n";oa << s; // oa & s; 清單3.使用&運算符執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作}// 清單2.將字符串的內(nèi)容加載到文本文件中void load(){std::ifstream file("archive.txt");boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(file);std::string s;ia >> s; // ia & s; 清單3.使用&運算符執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作std::cout << s << std::endl;}int main(){save();load();getchar();}?2.2從xml文檔文件執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作
// 清單4#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <string>#include <cstdio>#include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp>#include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp>void save(){std::ofstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file);std::string s = "Hello world! 你好，世界！\n";//如果您想使用 XML 歸檔文件，而不是文本歸檔文件,需要將數(shù)據(jù)打包到一個名為 BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP 的宏中oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(s); }void load(){std::ifstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file);std::string s;ia & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(s);std::cout << s << std::endl;}int main(){save();load();getchar();}?xml歸檔文件中的內(nèi)容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> <s>Hello world! 你好，世界！ </s> </boost_serialization>?2.3對整數(shù)數(shù)組執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作
// 清單6#include <fstream>#include <iostream>#include <algorithm>#include <iterator>#include <cstdio>#include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp>#include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp>void save(){std::ofstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file);int arrary1[ ] = { 34, 78, 22, 1, 910 };oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(arrary1);}/* 是否可以僅通過指定指針 int* restored 完成此操作并為您恢復數(shù)組？答案是否定的。必須每次都指定大小。如果認真回答此問題的話，答案是對基本類型的指針進行序列化非常復雜。*/void load(){std::ifstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file);int restored[5]; //必須指定數(shù)組的大小ia & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(restored);std::ostream_iterator<int> oi(std::cout, " ");std::copy(restored, restored+5, oi);}int main(){save();load();getchar();}xml歸檔文件中的內(nèi)容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?><!DOCTYPE boost_serialization><boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"><arrary1><count>5</count><item>34</item><item>78</item><item>22</item><item>1</item><item>910</item></arrary1></boost_serialization>?2.4串行化STL集合
// 清單8#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <algorithm>#include <iterator>#include <cstdio>#include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp>#include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp>#include <boost/serialization/list.hpp>#include <boost/serialization/vector.hpp>void save( ){std::ofstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file);float array[ ] = {34.2, 78.1, 22.221, 1.0, -910.88};std::list<float> L1(array, array+5);std::vector<float> V1(array, array+5);oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(L1);oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(V1);}void load(){std::ifstream file("archive.xml");boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file);std::list<float> L2;ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(L2); //不需要指定范圍/大小std::vector<float> V2;ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(V2); //不需要指定范圍/大小std::ostream_iterator<float> oi(std::cout, " ");std::copy(L2.begin(), L2.end(), oi );std::copy(V2.begin(), V2.end(), oi );}int main(){save();load();getchar();}xml歸檔文件中內(nèi)容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?><!DOCTYPE boost_serialization><boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"><L1><count>5</count><item_version>0</item_version><item>34.200001</item><item>78.099998</item><item>22.221001</item><item>1</item><item>-910.88</item></L1><V1><count>5</count><item_version>0</item_version><item>34.200001</item><item>78.099998</item><item>22.221001</item><item>1</item><item>-910.88</item></V1></boost_serialization>?2.5序列化自己的類型——serialize方法的侵入版本
1 // 清單10 所謂“侵入”即serialize方法寫到類中 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 9 namespace 10 { 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::cin; 13 using std::endl; 14 } 15 16 typedef struct date 17 { 18 unsigned int m_day; 19 unsigned int m_month; 20 unsigned int m_year; 21 22 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 23 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 24 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 25 { 26 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 27 return out; 28 } 29 template<typename Archive> 30 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 31 { 32 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 33 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 34 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 35 } 36 }date; 37 38 void save( ) 39 { 40 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 41 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 42 date d(15, 8, 1947); 43 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 44 } 45 46 void load( ) 47 { 48 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 49 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 50 date dr; 51 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 52 std::cout << dr; 53 } 54 55 int main(void) 56 { 57 save(); 58 load(); 59 getchar(); 60 }xml歸檔文件的內(nèi)容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?><!DOCTYPE boost_serialization><boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"><d class_id="0" tracking_level="0" version="0"><m_day>15</m_day><m_month>8</m_month><m_year>1947</m_year></d></boost_serialization>?2.6序列化自己的類型——serialize方法的非侵入版本
1 // 清單11 所謂“非侵入”即serialize方法不必寫在類中、不屬于類 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 9 namespace 10 { 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::cin; 13 using std::endl; 14 } 15 16 typedef struct date 17 { 18 unsigned int m_day; 19 unsigned int m_month; 20 unsigned int m_year; 21 22 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 23 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 24 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 25 { 26 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 27 return out; 28 } 29 }date; 30 31 // 序列化相關的類和函數(shù)都屬于boost::serialization命名空間里，所以自定義的serialize函數(shù)也可被其中的其它類和函數(shù)調(diào)用 32 namespace boost 33 { 34 namespace serialization 35 { 36 template<typename Archive> 37 void serialize(Archive& archive, date& d, const unsigned int version) 38 { 39 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d.m_day); 40 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d.m_month); 41 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d.m_year); 42 } 43 } 44 } 45 46 47 void save( ) 48 { 49 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 50 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 51 date d(15, 8, 1947); 52 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 53 } 54 55 void load( ) 56 { 57 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 58 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 59 date dr; 60 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 61 std::cout << dr; 62 } 63 64 int main(void) 65 { 66 save(); 67 load(); 68 getchar(); 69 }?2.7通過基類指針轉(zhuǎn)儲派生類——使用xml文件歸檔
1 // 清單13 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 #include <string> 9 10 namespace 11 { 12 using std::cout; 13 using std::cin; 14 using std::endl; 15 using std::string; 16 } 17 18 class CBase 19 { 20 friend class boost::serialization::access; 21 template<typename Archive> 22 void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int version) { ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(baseName); } 23 string baseName; 24 public: 25 CBase( ) { baseName = "class CBase"; } 26 virtual ~CBase( ) { } //必須加一個virtual函數(shù)，否則“dynamic_cast<date*> (dr)”報error C2683: “dynamic_cast”:“CBase”不是多態(tài)類型 錯誤 27 //這是C++多態(tài)屬性決定的 28 }; 29 30 31 class date : public CBase 32 { 33 unsigned int m_day; 34 unsigned int m_month; 35 unsigned int m_year; 36 public: 37 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 38 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 39 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 40 { 41 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "\nmonth:" << d.m_month << "\nyear:" << d.m_year; 42 return out; 43 } 44 virtual ~date() { } 45 private: 46 friend class boost::serialization::access; 47 template<typename Archive> 48 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 49 { 50 //archive & boost::serialization::base_object<CBase> (*this); //用文本文檔歸檔用此方法，當用于xml歸檔時會發(fā)生error C2664: “boost::mpl::assertion_failed”: 不能將參數(shù) 1 從“boost::mpl::failed ************boost::serialization::is_wrapper<T>::* ***********”轉(zhuǎn)換為“boost::mpl::assert<false>::type” 51 52 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_BASE_OBJECT_NVP(CBase); //用xml歸檔時，需要將父類對象包裝，即用此宏，否則發(fā)生如上錯誤提示 54 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 55 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 56 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 57 } 58 }; 59 60 void save( ) 61 { 62 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 63 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 64 oa.register_type<date>(); 65 CBase *b = new date(16, 8, 1947); 66 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(b); 67 delete b; 68 } 69 70 void load( ) 71 { 72 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 73 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 74 ia.register_type<date>(); 75 CBase *dr; 76 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 77 date *dr2 = dynamic_cast<date*> (dr); 78 std::cout << *dr2; 79 delete dr2; 80 } 81 82 int main(void) 83 { 84 save(); 85 getchar(); 86 load(); 87 getchar(); 88 }?xml歸檔文件的內(nèi)容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?><!DOCTYPE boost_serialization><boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"><b class_id="0" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"><CBase class_id="1" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_1"><baseName>class CBase</baseName></CBase><m_day>16</m_day><m_month>8</m_month><m_year>1947</m_year></b></boost_serialization>?2.8通過基類指針轉(zhuǎn)儲派生類——使用文本文件歸檔
1 // 注意和“3.7”的區(qū)別 2 3 #include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 #include <string> 9 10 namespace 11 { 12 using std::cout; 13 using std::cin; 14 using std::endl; 15 using std::string; 16 } 17 18 class CBase 19 { 20 friend class boost::serialization::access; 21 template<typename Archive> 22 void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int version) { ar & baseName; } 23 string baseName; 24 public: 25 CBase( ) { baseName = "class CBase"; } 26 virtual ~CBase( ) { } //必須加一個virtual函數(shù)，否則“dynamic_cast<date*> (dr)”報error C2683: “dynamic_cast”:“CBase”不是多態(tài)類型 錯誤 27 //這是C++多態(tài)屬性決定的 28 }; 29 30 31 class date : public CBase 32 { 33 unsigned int m_day; 34 unsigned int m_month; 35 unsigned int m_year; 36 public: 37 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 38 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 39 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 40 { 41 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "\nmonth:" << d.m_month << "\nyear:" << d.m_year; 42 return out; 43 } 44 virtual ~date() { } 45 private: 46 friend class boost::serialization::access; 47 template<typename Archive> 48 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 49 { 50 archive & boost::serialization::base_object<CBase> (*this); //用文本文檔歸檔用此方法，當用于xml歸檔時會發(fā)生error C2664: “boost::mpl::assertion_failed”: 不能將參數(shù) 1 從“boost::mpl::failed ************boost::serialization::is_wrapper<T>::* ***********”轉(zhuǎn)換為“boost::mpl::assert<false>::type” 51 //archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_BASE_OBJECT_NVP(CBase); //用xml歸檔時，需要將父類對象包裝，即用此宏，否則發(fā)生如上錯誤提示 52 archive & m_day; 53 archive & m_month; 54 archive & m_year; 55 } 56 }; 57 58 void save( ) 59 { 60 std::ofstream file("archive.txt"); 61 boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(file); 62 oa.register_type<date>(); 63 CBase *b = new date(16, 8, 1947); 64 oa & b; 65 delete b; 66 } 67 68 void load( ) 69 { 70 std::ifstream file("archive.txt"); 71 boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(file); 72 ia.register_type<date>(); 73 CBase *dr; 74 ia >> dr; 75 date *dr2 = dynamic_cast<date*> (dr); 76 std::cout << *dr2; 77 delete dr2; 78 } 79 80 int main(void) 81 { 82 save(); 83 getchar(); 84 load(); 85 getchar(); 86 }?文本文件歸檔內(nèi)容：
22 serialization::archive 10 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 11 class CBase 16 8 1947?2.9使用指針執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作
1 // 清單15 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 9 namespace 10 { 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::cin; 13 using std::endl; 14 } 15 16 typedef struct date 17 { 18 unsigned int m_day; 19 unsigned int m_month; 20 unsigned int m_year; 21 22 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 23 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 24 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 25 { 26 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 27 return out; 28 } 29 template<typename Archive> 30 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 31 { 32 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 33 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 34 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 35 } 36 }date; 37 38 void save( ) 39 { 40 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 41 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 42 date *d = new date(15, 8, 1947); 43 cout << d << endl; 44 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 45 } 46 47 void load( ) 48 { 49 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 50 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 51 date *dr; 52 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 53 std::cout << dr << endl; 54 cout << *dr; 55 } 56 57 int main(void) 58 { 59 save(); 60 load(); 61 getchar(); 62 }?運行結果：
0047A108 0047A6B8 day:15month:8year:1947xml歸檔文件中的內(nèi)容：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"> 5 <m_day>15</m_day> 6 <m_month>8</m_month> 7 <m_year>1947</m_year> 8 </d> 9 </boost_serialization>?2.10使用指針執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作——將兩個指針轉(zhuǎn)儲到同一個對象
1 // 清單17 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 9 namespace 10 { 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::cin; 13 using std::endl; 14 } 15 16 typedef struct date 17 { 18 unsigned int m_day; 19 unsigned int m_month; 20 unsigned int m_year; 21 22 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 23 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 24 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 25 { 26 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 27 return out; 28 } 29 template<typename Archive> 30 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 31 { 32 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 33 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 34 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 35 } 36 }date; 37 38 void save() 39 { 40 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 41 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 42 date *d = new date(15,8,1947); 43 cout << d << endl; 44 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 45 date *d2 = d; 46 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d2); 47 } 48 49 void load() 50 { 51 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 52 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 53 date *dr; 54 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 55 cout << dr << endl; 56 cout << *dr << endl; 57 date *dr2; 58 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr2); 59 cout << dr2 << endl; 60 cout << *dr2; 61 } 62 63 int main(void) 64 { 65 save(); 66 load(); 67 getchar(); 68 }運行結果：
1 0010A108 2 0010A6B8 3 day:15month:8year:1947 4 0010A6B8 5 day:15month:8year:1947?xml歸檔文件中的內(nèi)容：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"> 5 <m_day>15</m_day> 6 <m_month>8</m_month> 7 <m_year>1947</m_year> 8 </d> 9 <d2 class_id_reference="0" object_id_reference="_0"></d2> 10 </boost_serialization>?2.11包含作為d的引用d2的歸檔文件
1 // 清單19 和參考網(wǎng)頁(IBM)中的那部分不一致 2 3 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 4 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <fstream> 7 #include <cstdio> 8 9 namespace 10 { 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::cin; 13 using std::endl; 14 } 15 16 typedef struct date 17 { 18 unsigned int m_day; 19 unsigned int m_month; 20 unsigned int m_year; 21 22 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 23 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 24 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 25 { 26 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 27 return out; 28 } 29 template<typename Archive> 30 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 31 { 32 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 33 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 34 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 35 } 36 }date; 37 38 void save() 39 { 40 std::ofstream file("archive.xml"); 41 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 42 date *d = new date(15,8,1947); 43 cout << d << endl; 44 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 45 date* &d2 = d; //d2 reference d 46 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d2); 47 } 48 49 void load() 50 { 51 std::ifstream file("archive.xml"); 52 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 53 date *dr; 54 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 55 cout << dr << endl; 56 cout << *dr << endl; 57 date *dr2; 58 ia >> BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr2); 59 cout << dr2 << endl; 60 cout << *dr2; 61 } 62 63 int main(void) 64 { 65 save(); 66 load(); 67 getchar(); 68 }?xml歸檔文件的內(nèi)容：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"> 5 <m_day>15</m_day> 6 <m_month>8</m_month> 7 <m_year>1947</m_year> 8 </d> 9 <d2 class_id_reference="0" object_id_reference="_0"></d2> 10 </boost_serialization>?2.12將serialize拆分成save和load
??????? 有時候，您不想使用同樣的 serialize 方法來轉(zhuǎn)儲和恢復對象。在這種情況下，您可以將 serialize 方法拆分成兩個方法，即save 和load，它們具有類似的簽名。這兩個方法都是之前定義的serialize 方法的一部分。此外，需要添加BOOST_SERIALIZATION_SPLIT_MEMBER 宏作為類定義的一部分。（引用參考文獻[1]）
?2.13了解Boost::serialize的版本控制
??? serialize、save 和 load 的方法簽名都使用無符號整數(shù)版本作為最后一個參數(shù)。這些數(shù)字有什么用？隨著時間變化，類的內(nèi)部變量名稱可能發(fā)生變化，添加新的字段或移除已有字段，等等。這是軟件開發(fā)過程中的自然進程，除了歸檔文件仍然保存著關于數(shù)據(jù)類型原有狀態(tài)的信息。為了規(guī)避這個問題，需要使用版本號。(引用參考文獻[1])
??????? 在date類的基礎上增加一個unsigned int? ver變量用于保存當前類Mydate的版本號。
?運行結果：
day:15month:8year:1947 day:1month:1year:1991 -- Version:1?xml歸檔文件中內(nèi)容
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="0" version="0"> 5 <m_day>15</m_day> 6 <m_month>8</m_month> 7 <m_year>1947</m_year> 8 </d> 9 <myd class_id="1" tracking_level="0" version="1"> 10 <m_day>1</m_day> 11 <m_month>1</m_month> 12 <m_year>1991</m_year> 13 <ver>1</ver> 14 </myd> 15 </boost_serialization> 16?2.14 使用共享指針boost::shared_ptr執(zhí)行“轉(zhuǎn)儲-恢復”操作
1 // 清單23 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <fstream> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <cstdio> 7 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 8 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 9 #include <boost/serialization/shared_ptr.hpp> //缺此頭文件 —— error C2039: “serialize”: 不是“boost::shared_ptr<T>”的成員 d:\c++\boost\boost_1_55_0\boost\serialization\access.hpp 10 11 12 typedef struct date 13 { 14 unsigned int m_day; 15 unsigned int m_month; 16 unsigned int m_year; 17 18 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 19 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 20 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 21 { 22 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 23 return out; 24 } 25 template<typename Archive> 26 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 27 { 28 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 29 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 30 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 31 } 32 }date; 33 34 void save() 35 { 36 std::ofstream file("shared_ptr.xml"); 37 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 38 boost::shared_ptr<date> d (new date(15, 8, 1947)); 39 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 40 // other code bellow 41 } 42 43 void load() 44 { 45 std::fstream file("shared_ptr.xml"); 46 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 47 boost::shared_ptr<date> dr; 48 ia & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 49 std::cout << *dr; 50 } 51 52 int main( ) 53 { 54 save(); 55 load(); 56 getchar(); 57 }?xml文檔中的內(nèi)容：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="0" version="1"> 5 <px class_id="1" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"> 6 <m_day>15</m_day> 7 <m_month>8</m_month> 8 <m_year>1947</m_year> 9 </px> 10 </d> 11 </boost_serialization>?2.15 指向棧對象的指針需要在實際對象之后轉(zhuǎn)儲
1 // 清單24 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <fstream> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <cstdio> 7 #include <boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp> 8 #include <boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp> 9 #include <boost/serialization/shared_ptr.hpp> //缺此頭文件 —— error C2039: “serialize”: 不是“boost::shared_ptr<T>”的成員 d:\c++\boost\boost_1_55_0\boost\serialization\access.hpp 10 11 12 typedef struct date 13 { 14 unsigned int m_day; 15 unsigned int m_month; 16 unsigned int m_year; 17 18 date(int d, int m, int y):m_day(d), m_month(m) ,m_year(y) { } 19 date( ):m_day(1),m_month(1),m_year(2000) { } 20 friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, date& d) 21 { 22 out << "day:" << d.m_day << "month:" << d.m_month << "year:" << d.m_year; 23 return out; 24 } 25 template<typename Archive> 26 void serialize(Archive& archive, const unsigned int version) 27 { 28 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_day); 29 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_month); 30 archive & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(m_year); 31 } 32 }date; 33 34 void save() 35 { 36 std::ofstream file("stackobject.xml"); 37 boost::archive::xml_oarchive oa(file); 38 date d(1,1,1991); 39 date *d2 = &d; 40 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d); 41 oa & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(d2); //指向棧對象的指針需要在實際對象之后轉(zhuǎn)儲 42 } 43 44 void load() 45 { 46 std::fstream file("stackobject.xml"); 47 boost::archive::xml_iarchive ia(file); 48 date dr; 49 ia & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr); 50 std::cout << dr << std::endl; 51 date *dr2; 52 ia & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(dr2); 53 std::cout << *dr2 << std::endl; 54 } 55 56 int main( ) 57 { 58 save(); 59 load(); 60 getchar(); 61 }?xml文檔中的內(nèi)容：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE boost_serialization> 3 <boost_serialization signature="serialization::archive" version="10"> 4 <d class_id="0" tracking_level="1" version="0" object_id="_0"> 5 <m_day>1</m_day> 6 <m_month>1</m_month> 7 <m_year>1991</m_year> 8 </d> 9 <d2 class_id_reference="0" object_id_reference="_0"></d2> 10 </boost_serialization>? 如果有多個指針指向同一個對象，Serialization 會使用 class_id_reference 將指針與原對象關聯(lián)起來（每個對象都有一個唯一的類 ID）。原對象的每個后續(xù)指針都會將 object_id_reference 改成 _1、_2，以此類推。
3.參考文獻
[1]. 《Boost Serialization 庫》 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/aix/library/au-boostserialization/
4.C++ Boost::serialization簡介
以下內(nèi)容引用Boost庫的“l(fā)ibs/serialization/doc/index.html”頁面：?? ?
???????? Here, we use the term "serialization" to meanthe reversible deconstruction of an arbitrary set of C++ data structuresto a sequence of bytes. Such a system can be used to reconstitutean equivalent structure in another program context. Depending onthe context, this might used implement object persistence, remoteparameter passing or other facility. In this system we use the term"archive" to refer to a specific rendering of thisstream of bytes. This could be a file of binary data, text data, XML, or some other created by the user of this library.
Our goals for such a system are:
??? Code portability - depend only on ANSI C++ facilities.
??? Code economy - exploit features of C++ such as RTTI, templates, and multiple inheritance, etc. where appropriate to make code shorter and simpler to use.
??? Independent versioning for each class definition. That is, when a class definition changed, older files can still be imported to the new version of the class.
??? Deep pointer save and restore. That is, save and restore of pointers saves and restores the data pointed to.
??? Proper restoration of pointers to shared data.
??? Serialization of STL containers and other commonly used templates.
??? Data Portability - Streams of bytes created on one platform should be readable on any other.
??? Orthogonal specification of class serialization and archive format. That is, any file format should be able to store serialization of any arbitrary set of C++ data structures without having to alter the serialization of any class.
??? Non-intrusive. Permit serialization to be applied to unaltered classes. That is, don't require that classes to be serialized be derived from a specific base class or implement specified member functions. This is necessary to easily permit serialization to be applied to classes from class libraries that we cannot or don't want to have to alter.
??? The archive interface must be simple enough to easily permit creation of a new type of archive.
??? The archive interface must be rich enough to permit the creation of anarchive that presents serialized data as XML in a useful manner.
Other implementations
Before getting started I searched around for current implementations. I found several.
??? MFC This is the one that I am very familiar with. I have used it for several years and have found it very useful. However it fails requirements 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9. In spite of all the requirements not fulfilled, this is the most useful implementation I've found. It turns out that class versioning - partially implemented in MFC - really is indispensable for my applications. Inevitably, version 1.x of a shipping program needs to store more information in files than was originally provided for. MFC is the only one of these implementations that supports this - though only for the most derived class. Still it's better than nothing and does the job. MFC doesn't implement serialization of STL collections. Though it does so for MFC collections.
??? CommonC++ libraries [1] As far as I can tell, this closely follows the MFC implementation but does address a few of the issues. It is portable and creates portable archives but skips versioning. It does support proper and complete restoration of pointers and STL collections. It does address compression though not in the way that I would prefer. The package would also benefit from having better documentation. So it fails to address 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9.
??? Eternity [2] This is a bare bones package. It seems well coded but it really needs documentation and examples. It's not obvious how to use it without time consuming study of the source code. Recent versions do support files in XML format. This Fails 3, 6, 7?, 8, and 9.
??? Holub's implementation [3] This is the article that first got me thinking about my own requirements for a serialization implementation. Interesting and worth the read if you can overlook the arrogant tone of the prose. This implementation fails 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
??? s11n [13] This library has similar goals to this one. Some aspects of the implemenation are also similar. As of this writing, it would seem that:
??????? Portability(1) is guarenteed only for recent versions of GCC.
??????? Versioning(3) of class definitions is not explicitly supported by the library.
??????? it doesn't seem to automatically account for shared pointers(5). I concluded this from the documentation as well as the statement that serialization of graph like structures is not supported.
??? Its has lots of differences - and lots in common with this implementation. ?
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq2399431200/article/details/45621921?
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lvchaoshun/p/10162389.html
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