日期格式化字符串：DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d"

日期時間格式字符串：DATETIME_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

日期時間格式字符串（包含毫秒）：DATETIME_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f"

OpenERP對象中字段賦值為當前日期（字符串）：fields.date.context_today，fields.date.context_today(self, cr, uid, context=context)，fields.date.today()

OpenERP對象中字段賦值為當前時間（字符串）：fields.datetime.now()，fields.datetime.context_timestamp(cr, uid, datetime.now(), context=context)

OpenERP官方建議 date/datetime 的默認值的寫法是：fields.date.context_today，fields.datetime.now()

字符串轉換為日期時間：datetime.datetime.strptime(sale.date, DATE_FORMAT)

日期時間轉換為字符串：datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.date.today(), DATE_FORMAT)

python中獲取當前日期：datetime.date.today()

python中獲取當前時間：datetime.datetime.now()

OpenERPfields 單元中對date/datetime 類中方法定義如下所示：

class date(_column):
    _type = 'date'

    @staticmethod
    def today(*args):
        """ Returns the current date in a format fit for being a
        default value to a ``date`` field.

        This method should be provided as is to the _defaults dict, it
        should not be called.
        """
        return DT.date.today().strftime(
            tools.DEFAULT_SERVER_DATE_FORMAT)

    @staticmethod
    def context_today(model, cr, uid, context=None, timestamp=None):
        """Returns the current date as seen in the client's timezone
           in a format fit for date fields.
           This method may be passed as value to initialize _defaults.

           :param Model model: model (osv) for which the date value is being
                               computed - automatically passed when used in
                                _defaults.
           :param datetime timestamp: optional datetime value to use instead of
                                      the current date and time (must be a
                                      datetime, regular dates can't be converted
                                      between timezones.)
           :param dict context: the 'tz' key in the context should give the
                                name of the User/Client timezone (otherwise
                                UTC is used)
           :rtype: str 
        """
        today = timestamp or DT.datetime.now()
        context_today = None
        if context and context.get('tz'):
            tz_name = context['tz']  
        else:
            tz_name = model.pool.get('res.users').read(cr, SUPERUSER_ID, uid, ['tz'])['tz']
        if tz_name:
            try:
                utc = pytz.timezone('UTC')
                context_tz = pytz.timezone(tz_name)
                utc_today = utc.localize(today, is_dst=False) # UTC = no DST
                context_today = utc_today.astimezone(context_tz)
            except Exception:
                _logger.debug("failed to compute context/client-specific today date, "
                              "using the UTC value for `today`",
                              exc_info=True)
        return (context_today or today).strftime(tools.DEFAULT_SERVER_DATE_FORMAT)

class datetime(_column):
    _type = 'datetime'
    @staticmethod
    def now(*args):
        """ Returns the current datetime in a format fit for being a
        default value to a ``datetime`` field.

        This method should be provided as is to the _defaults dict, it
        should not be called.
        """
        return DT.datetime.now().strftime(
            tools.DEFAULT_SERVER_DATETIME_FORMAT)

    @staticmethod
    def context_timestamp(cr, uid, timestamp, context=None):
        """Returns the given timestamp converted to the client's timezone.
           This method is *not* meant for use as a _defaults initializer,
           because datetime fields are automatically converted upon
           display on client side. For _defaults you :meth:`fields.datetime.now`
           should be used instead.

           :param datetime timestamp: naive datetime value (expressed in UTC)
                                      to be converted to the client timezone
           :param dict context: the 'tz' key in the context should give the
                                name of the User/Client timezone (otherwise
                                UTC is used)
           :rtype: datetime
           :return: timestamp converted to timezone-aware datetime in context
                    timezone
        """
        assert isinstance(timestamp, DT.datetime), 'Datetime instance expected'
        if context and context.get('tz'):
            tz_name = context['tz']  
        else:
            registry = openerp.modules.registry.RegistryManager.get(cr.dbname)
            tz_name = registry.get('res.users').read(cr, SUPERUSER_ID, uid, ['tz'])['tz']
        if tz_name:
            try:
                utc = pytz.timezone('UTC')
                context_tz = pytz.timezone(tz_name)
                utc_timestamp = utc.localize(timestamp, is_dst=False) # UTC = no DST
                return utc_timestamp.astimezone(context_tz)
            except Exception:
                _logger.debug("failed to compute context/client-specific timestamp, "
                              "using the UTC value",
                              exc_info=True)
        return timestamp

應用示例代碼：

#自動獲取日期對應的月份并保存

def _get_month(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
res = {}
if context is None:
context = {}
DATETIME_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d"
for sale in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
saledate = datetime.datetime.strptime(sale.date, DATETIME_FORMAT)
res[sale.id] = saledate.strftime('%Y') + '-' + saledate.strftime('%m')
return res

_columns={
'name':fields.char(u'單號', size=64, select=True, required=True, readonly=True),
'date':fields.date(u'日期', select=True, required=True, readonly=True),
'month':fields.function(_get_month, method=True, type='char', size=10, string = u'月份', store=True, invisible=True),
}

_defaults={
'name': lambda obj, cr, uid, context: '/',
'date':fields.date.context_today,
#'employee_id':_employee_get,
'state':'draft'
}

#自動計算到期日期，按開卡日期加 年數(shù)*365 天

def _get_due_date(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
res = {}
if context is None:
context = {}
DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d"
for rec in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
category = rec.category
if category:
remaining_times=category.times_limit
if rec.active_date:
res[rec.id]=(datetime.datetime.strptime(rec.active_date, DATE_FORMAT) + datetime.timedelta(days=category.age_limit*365)).strftime(DATE_FORMAT)
else:
res[rec.id]=(datetime.date.today()+ datetime.timedelta(days=category.age_limit*365)).strftime(DATE_FORMAT)
return res

_columns={
"name":fields.char("卡號",size=64, required=True, readonly=True, states={'0':[('readonly',False)]}),
"category":fields.many2one("dispatch.service_card_category","服務卡類型", required=True, readonly=True, states={'0':[('readonly',False)]}),
'age_limit':fields.related('category', 'age_limit', string=u'年限', type='float', readonly=True, store=True),
"times_limit":fields.integer(u"初始次數(shù)", readonly=True),
"customer":fields.many2one("dispatch.customer","客戶",required=True, select=True, readonly=True, states={'0':[('readonly',False)]}),
"remaining_times":fields.integer("剩余次數(shù)",required=True, readonly=True, states={'0':[('readonly',False)]}),
"active_date":fields.date("開卡日期",required=True, readonly=True, states={'0':[('readonly',False)]}),
'due_date':fields.function(_get_due_date, method=True, type='date', string = u'到期日期', store=True),
'state': fields.selection([('0', u'未開卡'),('1', u'已開卡'),('2', u'已用完'),('3', u'已過期'),('4', u'已鎖定')], u'狀態(tài)',required=True, readonly=True),
'lock_note': fields.char(u'鎖定原因', size=200, invisible=False, readonly=True, states={'1':[('readonly',False)], '4':[('readonly',False)]}),
}

# TODO: can be improved using resource calendar method
#計算日期間隔對應的天數(shù)
def _get_number_of_days(self, date_from, date_to):
"""Returns a float equals to the timedelta between two dates given as string."""

DATETIME_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
from_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_from, DATETIME_FORMAT)
to_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_to, DATETIME_FORMAT)
timedelta = to_dt - from_dt
diff_day = timedelta.days + float(timedelta.seconds) / 86400
return diff_day

#對象字段
_columns = {
'date_from': fields.datetime(u'起始日期',required=True, readonly=True, states={'draft':[('readonly',False)]}, select=True),
'date_to': fields.datetime(u'結束日期', readonly=True, states={'draft':[('readonly',False)]}),
'days': fields.float(u'天數(shù)', digits=(8, 2), readonly=True, states={'draft':[('readonly',False)]}),
}

#更改起始日期，自動計算請假天數(shù)
def onchange_date_from(self, cr, uid, ids, date_to, date_from):
"""
If there are no date set for date_to, automatically set one 8 hours later than
the date_from.
Also update the number_of_days.
"""
# date_to has to be greater than date_from
if (date_from and date_to) and (date_from > date_to):
raise osv.except_osv(_(u'警告!'),_(u'開始日期必須小于結束日期.'))

result = {'value': {}}

# No date_to set so far: automatically compute one 8 hours later
if date_from and not date_to:
date_to_with_delta = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_from, tools.DEFAULT_SERVER_DATETIME_FORMAT) + datetime.timedelta(hours=8)
result['value']['date_to'] = str(date_to_with_delta)

# Compute and update the number of days
if (date_to and date_from) and (date_from <= date_to):
diff_day = self._get_number_of_days(date_from, date_to)
result['value']['days'] = round(math.floor(diff_day))+1
else:
result['value']['days'] = 0

return result

#更改結束日期，自動計算請假天數(shù)
def onchange_date_to(self, cr, uid, ids, date_to, date_from):
"""
Update the number_of_days.
"""
# date_to has to be greater than date_from
if (date_from and date_to) and (date_from > date_to):
raise osv.except_osv(_(u'警告!'),_(u'開始日期必須小于結束日期.'))

result = {'value': {}}

# Compute and update the number of days
if (date_to and date_from) and (date_from <= date_to):
diff_day = self._get_number_of_days(date_from, date_to)
result['value']['days'] = round(math.floor(diff_day))+1
else:
result['value']['days'] = 0

return result

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