(4)栈
目錄
棧的知識點:
棧的操作:
創建棧:
壓棧:
遍歷棧:
判斷棧是否為空:
出棧
清空棧
這篇筆記是根據郝斌老師的上課講義整理而得。
棧的知識點:
棧的定義:一種可以實現"先進后出"的存儲結構,棧類似于箱子。
棧和堆的主要區別是,內存的分配方式不一樣,棧是按照壓棧出棧的方式分配內存,實現先進后出的數據結構;堆是按一種叫堆排序的方式分配內存。
棧分為靜態棧【內核以數組為存儲】和動態棧【內核以鏈表為存儲】。
# include <stdio.h> # include <malloc.h> # include <stdlib.h>typedef struct Node {int data;struct Node * pNext; }NODE, * PNODE;typedef struct Stack {PNODE pTop;PNODE pBottom; }STACK, * PSTACK; //PSTACK 等價于 struct STACK *棧的操作:
void init(PSTACK); void push(PSTACK, int ); void traverse(PSTACK); bool pop(PSTACK, int *); void clear(PSTACK pS); void clear(PSTACK pS);創建棧:
void init(PSTACK pS) {pS->pTop = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));if (NULL == pS->pTop){printf("動態內存分配失敗!\n");exit(-1);}else{pS->pBottom = pS->pTop;pS->pTop->pNext = NULL; //pS->pBottom->pNext = NULL;} }壓棧:
void push(PSTACK pS, int val) {PNODE pNew = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));pNew->data = val;pNew->pNext = pS->pTop; //pS->Top不能改成pS->BottompS->pTop = pNew;return; }遍歷棧:
void traverse(PSTACK pS) {PNODE p = pS->pTop;while (p != pS->pBottom){printf("%d ", p->data);p = p->pNext;}printf("\n");return; }判斷棧是否為空:
bool empty(PSTACK pS) {if (pS->pTop == pS->pBottom)return true;elsereturn false; }出棧
//把pS所指向的棧出棧一次,并把出棧的元素存入pVal形參所指向的變量中,如果出棧失敗,返回false,否則返回true bool pop(PSTACK pS, int * pVal) {if ( empty(pS) ){return false;}else{PNODE r = pS->pTop;*pVal = r->data;pS->pTop = r->pNext;free(r);r = NULL;return true;} }清空棧
//clear清空 void clear(PSTACK pS) {if (empty(pS)){return;}else{PNODE p = pS->pTop;PNODE q = NULL;while (p != pS->pBottom){q = p->pNext;free(p);p = q;}pS->pTop = pS->pBottom;} }?
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