基于HTTP Live Streaming（HLS） 搭建在线点播系统
from：http://blog.csdn.net/cdnight/article/details/39156711
基于HTTP Live Streaming（HLS） 搭建在線點播系統
chuanliang?于 2012-11-9,13:58?Comments (0)??歸類于：技術相關,?無線互聯網及增值業務??Tags:?ffmpeg,?HLS,?HTTP Live Streaming,?iOS,?nginx,?nginx-rtmp-module,?vitamio,?點播,?直播.
1、?為何要使用HTTP Live Streaming
可以參考wikipedia
HTTP Live Streaming（縮寫是 HLS）是一個由蘋果公司提出的基于HTTP的流媒體 網絡傳輸協議。是蘋果公司QuickTime X和iPhone軟件系統的一部分。它的工作原理是把整個流分成一個個小的基于HTTP的文件來下載，每次只下載一些。當媒體流正在播放時，客戶端可以選擇從許多不同的備用源中以不同的速率下載同樣的資源，允許流媒體會話適應不同的數據速率。在開始一個流媒體會話時，客戶端會下載一個包含元數據的extended M3U (m3u8) playlist文件，用于尋找可用的媒體流。
?
HLS只請求基本的HTTP報文，與實時傳輸協議（RTP)不同，HLS可以穿過任何允許HTTP數據通過的防火墻或者代理服務器。它也很容易使用內容分發網絡來傳輸媒體流。
2、?HTTP Live Streaming技術方案
HTTP服務：使用Nginx提供HTTP服務，通過使用nginx-rtmp-module?https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module?來增加對HLS的支持
使用ffmpeg來完成對flv、mp4、mp3等格式的轉化
使用ffmpeg或segmenter完成對視頻/音頻格式文件的切割，切割為m3u8格式及ts文件
3、?準備工作
操作系統CentOS
3.1、準備安裝?刪除已安裝包
yum erase ffmpeg x264 x264-devel3.2、安裝各種依賴包
yum install? gcc make nasm pkgconfig wget curl curl-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel perl cpio expat-devel gettext-devel libtool mhash.x86_64 perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64? pcre.i386 pcre.x86_64 pcre-devel.i386 pcre-devel.x86_64
?
3.3、安裝git
wget -O git-devel.zip?https://github.com/msysgit/git/archive/devel.zip
unzip git-devel.zip
cd git-devel/
autoconf
./configure
make
make install
3.4、創建安裝包目錄
mkdir ~/ffmpeg-source
?
4、?安裝ffmpeg及其依賴包
4.1、Yasm
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
tar xzvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
cd yasm-1.2.0
./configure
make
make install
4.2、x264
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264
cd x264
./configure –enable-shared
make
make install
4.3、LAME
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/lame/lame/3.99/lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
tar xzvf lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
cd lame-3.99.5
./configure –enable-nasm
make
make install
4.4、libogg
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz
tar xzvf libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd libogg-1.3.0
./configure
make
make install
4.5、libvorbis
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.3.tar.gz
tar xzvf libvorbis-1.3.3.tar.gz
cd libvorbis-1.3.3
./configure
make
make install
4.6、libvpx
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
git clone?http://git.chromium.org/webm/libvpx.git
cd libvpx
./configure? –enable-shared
make
make install
4.7、?FAAD2
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/faac/faad2-src/faad2-2.7/faad2-2.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf faad2-2.7.tar.gz
cd faad2-2.7
./configure
make
make install
4.8、FAAC
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/faac/faac-src/faac-1.28/faac-1.28.tar.gz
tar zxvf faac-1.28.tar.gz
cd faac-1.28
./configure
make
make install
?
4.9、Xvid
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget?http://downloads.xvid.org/downloads/xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
cd xvidcore/build/generic
./configure
make
make install
?
4.10、FFmpeg
cd ~/ffmpeg-source
wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-0.11.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf? ffmpeg-0.11.2.tar.gz
cd ffmpeg-0.11.2
./configure? –enable-version3? –enable-libvpx –enable-libfaac –enable-libmp3lame? –enable-libvorbis –enable-libx264 –enable-libxvid –enable-shared –enable-gpl –enable-postproc –enable-nonfree –enable-avfilter –enable-pthreads
make
make install
ldconfig –v
?
2013.03備注：由于ffmpeg 1.0版本以后，將libavcodec/avcodec.h中的enum CodecID變更為enum AVCodecID，而nginx-rtmp-module仍然使用的enum CodecID，因此必須使用ffmpeg 1.0以下版本（例如0.11.2）
5、?安裝nginx及nginx-rtmp-module
mkdir ~/nginx-source
cd? ~/nginx-source
wget?http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz
wget -O nginx-rtmp-module.zip??https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/master.zip
unzip nginx-rtmp-module.zip
wget -O ngx_cache_purge.zip?https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/master.zip
unzip ngx_cache_purge.zip
cd nginx-1.2.4
./configure –user=daemon –group=daemon –prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.2.4/ –add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master –add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master/hls –add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-master? –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_sub_module –with-md5=/usr/lib –with-sha1=/usr/lib –with-http_gzip_static_module
make
make install
?
在nginx.conf中增加rtmp模塊的相關配置，配置例子
rtmp {
?
server {
?
listen 1935;
?
chunk_size 4000;
?
# TV mode: one publisher, many subscribers
application mytv {
?
# enable live streaming
live on;
?
# record first 1K of stream
record all;
record_path /tmp/av;
record_max_size 1K;
?
# append current timestamp to each flv
record_unique on;
?
# publish only from localhost
allow publish 127.0.0.1;
deny publish all;
?
#allow play all;
}
?
# Transcoding (ffmpeg needed)
application big {
live on;
?
# On every pusblished stream run this command (ffmpeg)
# with substitutions: $app/${app}, $name/${name} for application & stream name.
#
# This ffmpeg call receives stream from this application &
# reduces the resolution down to 32×32. The stream is the published to
# ‘small’ application (see below) under the same name.
#
# ffmpeg can do anything with the stream like video/audio
# transcoding, resizing, altering container/codec params etc
#
# Multiple exec lines can be specified.
?
exec /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg -re -i rtmp://localhost:1935/$app/$name -vcodec flv -acodec copy -s 32×32 -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/small/${name};
}
?
application small {
live on;
# Video with reduced resolution comes here from ffmpeg
}
?
application mypush {
live on;
?
# Every stream published here
# is automatically pushed to
# these two machines
#push?rtmp1.example.com;
#push?rtmp2.example.com:1934;
}
?
application mypull {
live on;
?
# Pull all streams from remote machine
# and play locally
#pull rtmp://rtmp3.example.com?pageUrl=www.example.com/index.html;
}
?
# video on demand
application vod {
play /var/flvs;
}
?
application vod2 {
play /var/mp4s;
}
?
# Many publishers, many subscribers
# no checks, no recording
application videochat {
?
live on;
?
# The following notifications receive all
# the session variables as well as
# particular call arguments in HTTP POST
# request
?
# Make HTTP request & use HTTP retcode
# to decide whether to allow publishing
# from this connection or not
on_publish?http://localhost:8080/publish;
?
# Same with playing
on_play?http://localhost:8080/play;
?
# Publish/play end (repeats on disconnect)
on_done?http://localhost:8080/done;
?
# All above mentioned notifications receive
# standard connect() arguments as well as
# play/publish ones. If any arguments are sent
# with GET-style syntax to play & publish
# these are also included.
# Example URL:
#?? rtmp://localhost/myapp/mystream?a=b&c=d
?
# record 10 video keyframes (no audio) every 2 minutes
record keyframes;
record_path /var/vc;
record_max_frames 10;
record_interval 2m;
?
# Async notify about an flv recorded
on_record_done?http://localhost:8080/record_done;
?
}
?
?
# HLS
?
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
?
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi? -vcodec libx264
#??? -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
#??? -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /var/app;
hls_fragment 5s;
}
?
}
}
?
# HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats
http {
?
server {
?
listen????? 8080;
?
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
?
# Use this stylesheet to view XML as web page
# in browser
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
}
?
location /stat.xsl {
# XML stylesheet to view RTMP stats.
# Copy stat.xsl wherever you want
# and put the full directory path here
root /path/to/stat.xsl/;
}
?
location /hls {
# Serve HLS fragments
alias /var/app;
}
?
}
}
?
6、 安裝segmenter
svn co?http://httpsegmenter.googlecode.com/svn/
cd? svn/trunk
gcc -Wall -g segmenter.c -o segmenter -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -std=c99
cp segmenter /usr/bin/
?
?
從優酷上下載一個視頻文件，假定為baluobu.flv
找個mp3文件，假定為10year.mp3
mkdir /var/flvs /var/mp4s /var/vc /var/app /var/app/10year /var/app/baluobu
使用ffmpeg將測試視頻和音頻轉為mpeg ts格式文件
ffmpeg -i /var/flvs/baluobu.flv? -f mpegts -acodec libmp3lame -ar 48000 -ab 128k -vcodec libx264 -b 96k -flags +loop -cmp +chroma -partitions +parti4x4+partp8x8+partb8x8 -subq 5 -trellis 1 -refs 1 -coder 0 -me_range 16 -keyint_min 25 -sc_threshold 40 -i_qfactor 0.71 -bt 200k -maxrate 96k -bufsize 96k -rc_eq ‘blurCplx^(1-qComp)’ -qcomp 0.6 -qmin 10 -qmax 51 -qdiff 4 -level 30 -aspect 320:240 -g 30 -async 2 /var/app/baluobu/baluobu.ts
ffmpeg -i /var/flvs/10year.mp3? -f mpegts -acodec libmp3lame -ar 48000 -ab 128k -vcodec libx264 -b 96k -flags +loop -cmp +chroma -partitions +parti4x4+partp8x8+partb8x8 -subq 5 -trellis 1 -refs 1 -coder 0 -me_range 16 -keyint_min 25 -sc_threshold 40 -i_qfactor 0.71 -bt 200k -maxrate 96k -bufsize 96k -rc_eq ‘blurCplx^(1-qComp)’ -qcomp 0.6 -qmin 10 -qmax 51 -qdiff 4 -level 30 -aspect 320:240 -g 30 -async 2 /var/app/10year/10year.ts
cd /var/app/10year
segmenter -i 10year.ts -d 5 -o 10year -x 10year.m3u8
cd /var/app/baluobu
segmenter -i baluobu.ts -d 5 -o buluobu -x baluobu.m3u8
7、測試
簡單起見使用VLC測試。
http://192.168.1.11:8080/hls/10year/10year.m3u8
http://192.168.1.11:8080/hls/baluobu/baluobu.m3u8
如果無問題，說明已經正常配置成功了HTTP Live Streaming（HLS）服務
可以再iOS設備上使用safari訪問以上地址
或者在android機器上安裝vplayer后訪問以上地址
如果需要通過網頁形式提供在線視頻，需要在nginx的mime.types文件中添加如下MIME類型：
.m3u8 application/x-mpegURL
.ts video/MP2T
同時在HTML5頁面中使用video標簽包含視頻的m3u8文件
?
<video controls>
<source src=http://192.168.1.11:8080/hls/baluobu/baluobu.m3u8?/>
</video>
8、開發說明
iOS已經原生支持HTTP Live Streaming（HLS），只需要使用MPMoviePlayerController播放以上地址即可
apple文檔：http://bit.ly/Rnpsef
Android 3.x以后通過新增的NuPlayer類才支持HTTP Live streaming，而且功能也較弱，為簡化處理，可以使用
Vitamio?????http://vov.io/vitamio/?或?http://code.taobao.org/p/oplayer/src/?下載
Servestream?http://sourceforge.net/projects/servestream/
nginx-rtmp-module 本身也支持RTMP協議，從而也可以基于nginx來搭建在線直播系統。
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