基本聊天程序

先來個基本的測試例子：

Main.py

from asyncore import dispatcher import socket,asyncore PORT = 11223 class ChatServer(dispatcher):def __init__(self, port):dispatcher.__init__(self)self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET ,socket.SOCK_STREAM)self.set_reuse_addr()self.bind(('',port))self.listen(5)def handle_accept(self):conn,addr = self.accept()print ('Connection attempt from',addr[0])if __name__ == '__main__':s = ChatServer(PORT)try:asyncore.loop() except KeyboardInterrupt:pass

? ??上面是服務器段程序，接受到連接之后馬上在服務器上顯示對方IP，但是不保持連接。客戶端測試的話很簡單，可以自己寫一個socket的連接，也可以為了省事直接本地開啟telnet就行了，開啟telnet的方法是，在開始菜單里搜索：

然后確定，之后cmd里直接telnet就行了。

運行上面的main.py,然后客戶端鏈接服務端：

Cmd->telnet????:?open?127.0.0.1?11223

? ? 上面就是一個最基本的Python服務器腳本流程。接下來實現一個基本的聊天程序用來練手。

? ? ?實現的基本功能（虛擬茶會話）?測試環境python?3.6.0[python基礎教程上的代碼不能直接在3.6.0版本上跑，以下是改過的虛擬茶會話]

功能：

login?name?登錄房間

logout?退出房間

say???XXXX?發言

look?查看同一個房間內的人

who?查看誰登陸了當前服務器

測試截圖

?

簡單說下設計結構：

CommandHandler類?：?處理命令的，函數存在則執行，不存在則直接走unknown函數。結合著try和getattr函數python可以直接嘗試去執行一個不確定存不存在的函數。[我一直在想，別的語言要怎么實現這個東西，是創建虛擬工廠？對了想起來了，干脆就創建一些函數，然后把函數名字格式化封裝在一個void指針容器里的了。函數格式化要統一]

Room類：表示一個房間，里面有一些對房間人[鏈接]數據結構的增加刪除操作，同時還有相關廣播函數，用于把消息發給所有人。

LoginRoom類，里面有成功登陸房間，登陸房間失敗以及登陸操作，比如問候登陸者，同時通知別人有人登陸等細節。

LogoutRoom類，登出房間類，用戶登出房間時候進行的一些數據結構處理。

ChatRoom類，聊天室類，主要就是封裝了一些功能函數。比如say?look?who等等。

ChatSession，ChatServer?類基本的服務器程序需要的，分別繼承async_chat和dispatcher，處理一些服務器參數，以及重載設置一些處理函數等。

?

詳細代碼如下[注意本代碼測試于python3.6.0]

#!/usr/bin/env python3 __author__ = 'tcstory' from asyncore import dispatcher from asynchat import async_chat import socket, asyncorePORT=5005 NAME='TestChat'class EndSession(Exception): passclass CommandHandler:'''Simple command handler similar to cmd.Cmd from the standard library'''def unknown(self, session, cmd):'Respond to an unknown command'session.push('Unkonw command: {0}\r\n'.format(cmd).encode())def handle(self, session, line):'Handle a received line from a given session'if not line.strip():return#Split off the commandparts = line.split(' ', 1)cmd = parts[0]try:line=parts[1].strip()except IndexError:line=''#Try to find a handlermeth=getattr(self,'do_'+cmd,None)try:#Assume it's callablemeth(session,line)except TypeError:#If it isn't ,respond to the unknown commandself.unknown(session,cmd)class Room(CommandHandler):'''A generic environment that may contain one or more users(sessions).it takes care of basic command handling and broadcasting.'''def __init__(self,server):self.server=serverself.sessions=[]def add(self,session):'A session(user) has entered the room'self.sessions.append(session)def remove(self,session):'A session (user) has left the room'self.sessions.remove(session)def broadcast(self,line):'Send a line to all sessions in the room'for session in self.sessions:session.push(line.encode())def do_logout(self,session,line):'Respond to the logout command'raise EndSessionclass LoginRoom(Room):'''A room meant for a single person who has just connected'''def add(self,session):Room.add(self,session)#When a user enters,greet him/herself.broadcast('Welcome to {0}\r\n'.format(self.server.name))def unknown(self, session, cmd):#All unknown commands (anything except login or logout)#results in a proddingsession.push('Please log in\nUse "login <nick>"\r\n'.encode())def do_login(self,session,line):name=line.strip()#Make sure the user has entered a nameif not name:session.push('Please enter a name\r\n'.encode())#Make sure that the name isn't in useelif name in self.server.users:session.push('The name {0} is taken.\r\n'.format(name).encode())session.push('Please try again.\r\n'.encode())else:#The name is OK,os it is stored in the session.and#the user is moved into the main roomsession.name=namesession.enter(self.server.main_room)class ChatRoom(Room):'''A room meant for multiple users who can chat with the others in the room'''def add(self,session):#Notify everyone that a new user has enteredself.broadcast('{0} has entered the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))self.server.users[session.name]=sessionRoom.add(self,session)def remove(self,session):Room.remove(self,session)#Notify everyone that a user has leftself.broadcast('{0} has left the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))def do_say(self,session,line):self.broadcast(('{0}: '+line+'\r\n').format(session.name))def do_look(self,session,line):'Handles the look command,used to see who is in a room'session.push('The following are in this room:\r\n'.encode())for other in self.sessions:session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(other.name).encode())def do_who(self,session,line):'Handles the who command ,used to see who is logged in'session.push('The following are logged in:\r\n'.encode())for name in self.server.users:session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(name).encode())class LogoutRoom(Room):'''A simple room for a single user.Its sole purpose is to remove the user's name from the server'''def add(self,session):#When a session (user) enters the LogoutRoom it is deletedtry:del self.server.users[session.name]except KeyError:passclass ChatSession(async_chat):'''A single session,which takes care of the communication with a single user'''def __init__(self,server,sock):# async_chat.__init__(self,sock)super().__init__(sock)self.server=serverself.set_terminator(b'\r\n')self.data=[]self.name=None#All sessions begin in a separate LoginRoomself.enter(LoginRoom(server))def enter(self,room):# Remove self from current room and add self to next room....try:cur=self.roomexcept AttributeError:passelse:cur.remove(self)self.room=roomroom.add(self)def collect_incoming_data(self, data):self.data.append(data.decode('utf-8'))def found_terminator(self):line=''.join(self.data)self.data=[]try:self.room.handle(self,line)except EndSession:self.handle_close()def handle_close(self):async_chat.handle_close(self)self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))class ChatServer(dispatcher):'''A chat server with a single room'''def __init__(self,port,name):super().__init__()# dispatcher.__init__(self)self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)self.set_reuse_addr()self.bind(('',port))self.listen(5)self.name=nameself.users={}self.main_room=ChatRoom(self)def handle_accept(self):conn,addr=self.accept()ChatSession(self,conn)if __name__=='__main__':s=ChatServer(PORT,NAME)try:asyncore.loop()except KeyboardInterrupt:print()

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