Sarah Emily Davies (22 April 1830 – 13 July 1921)[1][2] was an English feminist and suffragist, and a pioneering campaigner for women’s rights to university access. She is remembered above all as a co-founder and an early Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge University, the first university college in England to educate women.

Contents
1 Life
2 Women’s rights
3 Girton College
4 Quotes
5 Recognition
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links and references
Life
Davies was born in Carlton Crescent, Southampton, England to an evangelical clergyman and a teacher,[1][3] although she spent most of her youth in Gateshead, where her father, John D. Davies, was Rector.[4]

Davies had been tempted to train in medicine. She wrote the article “Female Physicians” for the feminist English Woman’s Journal in May 1860,[5] and “Medicine as a Profession for Women” in 1862.[6] Furthermore, she “greatly encouraged” her friend Elizabeth Garrett in her medical studies.[7]

Women’s rights
After the death of her father, Davies moved in 1862 to London, where she edited the English Woman’s Journal and became friends with the women’s rights advocates Barbara Bodichon, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and her younger sister Millicent Fawcett. Davies became a founding member of a women’s discussion group, the Kensington Society, along with Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Barbara Bodichon, Dorothea Beale and Frances Mary Buss, who together unsuccessfully petitioned Parliament to grant women voting rights.[8]

Davies began campaigning for women’s rights to education and to degrees and teaching qualifications. She was active on the London School Board and in the Schools Inquiry Commission and instrumental in obtaining the admission of girls to official secondary-school examinations. Davies went on to advocate the admission of women to the Universities of London, Oxford and Cambridge. These were exclusively male domains, like all universities at the time.[9]

Davies also became involved in the suffrage movement, which centred on a woman’s right to vote. She was involved in organising for John Stuart Mill’s 1866 petition to the British Parliament), which was signed by Paulina Irby,[10] Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and 15,000 others,[1] and the first to press for women’s suffrage. That same year she wrote the book entitled The Higher Education of Women.[9]

Girton College
In 1869, Davies led the campaign to found Britain’s first women’s college,[11] with the support of Frances Buss, Dorothea Beale and Barbara Bodichon.[12] Girton College was initially located in Hitchin, Hertfordshire, with Charlotte Manning as the first Mistress. The college then moved in 1873 to the outskirts of Cambridge.

Davies strongly advocated a quality of curriculum equivalent to those offered to men of the time.[12] Despite the Senate rejecting her proposal to let women officially sit for the papers, Davies continued to train students for the Cambridge Tripos exams on an unofficial basis.[12]

Davies served as Mistress of the College in 1873–1875. In 1877, Caroline Croom Robertson joined the management as secretary to reduce the load on Davies.[13] The College and the rest of Cambridge University only began to grant full university degrees to women in 1940.[9]

Davies persistent fight for equal education for women was instrumental also in the founding in 1875 of Newnham College, which would be led by Anne Jemima Clough.[12] In June 1901, Davies received an honorary Doctor of Laws (DLL) from the University of Glasgow.[14]

Davies also continued her suffrage work. In 1906, she headed a delegation to Parliament. She was known for opposing the militant and violent methods used by the Suffragette part of the women’s suffrage movement, led by the Pankhursts.[9] In 1910, Davies published Thoughts on Some Questions Relating to Women (OCLC 788783).

Emily Davies died at home in Belsize Park, Hampstead, London, on 13 July 1921.[2]

Quotes
Many persons will reply, without hesitation, that the one object to be aimed at, the ideal to be striven after, in the education of women, is to make good wives and mothers. And the answer is a reasonable one, so far as it goes, and with explanations. Clearly, no education would be good which did not tend to make good wives and mothers; and that which produces the best wives and mothers is likely to be the best possible education. But having made this admission, it is necessary to point out that an education of which the aim is thus limited, is likely to fail in that aim.

—?Emily Davies, The Higher Education of Women, pp. 10–11.[15]
What is really wanted in a woman is, that she should be a permanently pleasant companion. So far as education can give or enhance pleasantness, it does so by making the view of life wide, the wit ready, the faculty of comprehension vivid.[16]

Recognition
In 2016, the Council of the University of Cambridge approved the use of Davies’s name to mark a physical feature within the North West Cambridge Development.[17]

On 30 June 2019, a Blue Plaque jointly commemorating founders Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon was unveiled at Girton College, Cambridge by Baroness Hale, President of the Supreme Court, and a graduate of Girton, as part of the college’s 150th anniversary celebrations. The plaque is sited on the main tower at the entrance to Girton off Huntingdon Road.[18]

薩拉-艾米莉-戴維斯（Sarah Emily Davies）（1830年4月22日-1921年7月13日）[1][2]是英國女權主義者和女權主義者，是爭取婦女上大學權利的先鋒運動者。她作為劍橋大學吉爾頓學院的共同創始人和早期女主人而被人們記住，吉爾頓學院是英國第一所教育女性的大學。

內容
1 生活
2 婦女的權利
3 吉頓學院
4 名言
5 認可
6 另見
7 參考文獻
8 進一步閱讀
9 外部鏈接和參考資料
生平
戴維斯出生于英國南安普敦的卡爾頓新月，父親是一位福音派牧師和一位教師，[1][3]不過她的大部分青年時期是在蓋茨黑德度過的，她的父親約翰-D-戴維斯是那里的校長[4] 。

戴維斯曾被誘惑去接受醫學培訓。她在1860年5月為女權主義的《英國婦女雜志》撰寫了 "女醫生 "一文，[5] 并在1862年撰寫了 "醫學是婦女的職業 "一文。[6] 此外，她 "極大地鼓勵 "她的朋友伊麗莎白-加勒特學習醫學。

婦女的權利
父親去世后，戴維斯于1862年搬到了倫敦，在那里她編輯了《英國婦女雜志》，并與女權倡導者芭芭拉-博迪洪、伊麗莎白-加勒特-安德森和她的妹妹米利森特-福賽特成為朋友。戴維斯與伊麗莎白-加勒特-安德森、芭芭拉-博迪瓊、多蘿西婭-比爾和弗朗西斯-瑪麗-布斯一起成為婦女討論小組肯辛頓協會的創始成員，他們一起向議會請愿，要求給予婦女投票權，但沒有成功。

戴維斯開始為婦女的受教育權、學位和教師資格開展活動。她積極參加倫敦學校委員會和學校調查委員會的工作，并在爭取女孩參加官方中學考試方面發揮了作用。戴維斯繼續倡導倫敦大學、牛津大學和劍橋大學接納女性。這些大學和當時的所有大學一樣，都是純男性的領域。

戴維斯還參與了選舉權運動，該運動以婦女的投票權為中心。她參與了約翰-斯圖爾特-米爾1866年向英國議會提交的請愿書的組織工作，該請愿書由保利娜-伊爾比、[10] 伊麗莎白-加勒特-安德森和其他15,000人簽署，[1] 是第一個要求婦女選舉權的請愿書。同年，她寫了一本名為《婦女的高等教育》的書[9]。

吉爾頓學院
1869年，戴維斯領導了創建英國第一所女子學院的運動，[11] 并得到了弗朗西斯-布斯、多蘿西婭-比爾和芭芭拉-博迪瓊的支持。[12] 吉爾頓學院最初位于赫特福德郡的希欽，由夏洛特-曼寧擔任第一任院長。之后，學院于1873年遷至劍橋郊區。

戴維斯極力主張課程質量要與當時提供給男性的課程質量相當。[12] 盡管參議院拒絕了她提出的讓女性正式參加考試的建議，但戴維斯繼續以非官方的方式培訓學生參加劍橋大學的Tripos考試[12] 。

戴維斯在1873-1875年擔任學院的女主人。1877年，卡羅琳-克羅姆-羅伯遜（Caroline Croom Robertson）作為秘書加入管理層，以減輕戴維斯的負擔。[13] 學院和劍橋大學的其他部門直到1940年才開始向女性授予正式的大學學位。

戴維斯堅持為婦女爭取平等教育，這對1875年紐漢姆學院的成立也起到了重要作用，該學院將由安妮-杰米瑪-克拉夫領導。 1901年6月，戴維斯獲得了格拉斯哥大學的榮譽法學博士（DLL）。

戴維斯還繼續她的選舉權工作。1906年，她率領一個代表團前往議會。她因反對由潘克赫斯特夫婦領導的婦女選舉權運動中的女權運動部分所使用的激進和暴力方法而聞名。

1921年7月13日，艾米莉-戴維斯在倫敦漢普斯特德的貝爾賽公園的家中去世[2] 。

引文
許多人都會毫不猶豫地回答說，在婦女教育中，需要瞄準的一個目標，需要爭取的一個理想，就是成為好妻子和好母親。這個答案是合理的，就其本身而言，也是有解釋的。顯然，任何教育如果不傾向于培養好妻子和好母親，那就不是好教育；而培養好妻子和好母親的教育可能是最好的教育。但在承認了這一點之后，有必要指出，目標如此有限的教育很可能無法實現這一目標。

• 艾米莉-戴維斯，《婦女的高等教育》，第10-11頁[15] 。
  在一個女人身上真正需要的是，她應該是一個永久的愉快的伴侶。只要教育能給予或提高愉悅感，它就能通過使生活視野開闊、機智敏捷、理解能力生動來做到這一點[16] 。

認可
2016年，劍橋大學理事會批準使用戴維斯的名字來標記西北劍橋大學發展區的一個物理特征。

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