文章目錄

• 產(chǎn)生式系統(tǒng)
• • 概念
  • 原理
  • 例子
  • 運(yùn)行結(jié)果

產(chǎn)生式系統(tǒng)

概念

產(chǎn)生式系統(tǒng)（production system）是指認(rèn)知心理學(xué)程序表征系統(tǒng)的一種。為解決某一問(wèn)題或完成某一作業(yè)而按一定層次聯(lián)結(jié)組成的認(rèn)知規(guī)則系統(tǒng)。

原理

產(chǎn)生式系統(tǒng)由規(guī)則庫(kù)、推理機(jī)、綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，控制程序四部分組成。其中，規(guī)則庫(kù)里面存儲(chǔ)大量的知識(shí)，綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)則是儲(chǔ)存事實(shí)，綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)通過(guò)推理機(jī)根據(jù)規(guī)則庫(kù)里面的知識(shí)，由控制程序的控制下完成推理，若是推出中間結(jié)果，則把中間結(jié)果放到綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，繼續(xù)重新推理，直到推理出最終結(jié)果或推理失敗，程序結(jié)束。

例子

下面我們就以交通工具識(shí)別系統(tǒng)為例，用java編寫(xiě)。
規(guī)則庫(kù)：
R1:it_is(車(chē)),postive(體型小)，postive(有輪子);
R2:it_is(飛機(jī)),postive(體型大)，postive(流線(xiàn)型);
R3:it_is(飛機(jī)),postive(天上飛的);
R4:it_is(船),postive(水上游的);
R5:it_is(車(chē)),postive(地上跑的);
R6:trto_is(輪船)，it_is(船),postive(體型大)，postive(冒黑煙);
R7:trto_is(航天飛機(jī))，it_is(飛機(jī)),postive(有機(jī)翼);
R8:trto_is(直升機(jī))，it_is(飛機(jī)),postive(有螺旋槳);
R9:trto_is(汽車(chē))，it_is(車(chē)),postive(四個(gè)輪);
R10:trto_is(兩輪車(chē))，it_is(車(chē)),postive(兩個(gè)輪);
代碼：
MainGui.java
該類(lèi)為主界面類(lèi)，調(diào)用GuiFrame類(lèi)（自定義的類(lèi)，代碼在后面）顯示主窗口。

package chanshengsi01;import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.util.ArrayList;import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JTextField;public class MainGUI {public static void main(String[] args) {GuiFrame g=new GuiFrame("交通工具識(shí)別");//主窗口}}

GuiFrame.java
該類(lèi)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)主界面的布局，以及兩個(gè)按鈕的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器。點(diǎn)擊匹配按鈕會(huì)調(diào)用Brain（自定義的類(lèi)，代碼在后面）類(lèi)的identify函數(shù)，來(lái)根據(jù)輸入到綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的事實(shí)去匹配結(jié)果。點(diǎn)擊查看規(guī)則按鈕會(huì)調(diào)用GuiRules（自定義的類(lèi)，代碼在后面）顯示出規(guī)則庫(kù)里面的知識(shí)。

package chanshengsi01;import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.util.ArrayList;import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JTextField;public class GuiFrame extends JFrame {JButton button;//匹配按鈕JButton button1;//查看規(guī)則按鈕JLabel label;//標(biāo)題標(biāo)簽JLabel label_result;//結(jié)果標(biāo)簽JTextField textField1;//輸入框1JTextField textField2;//輸入框2JTextField textField3;//輸入框3JTextField textField4;//輸入框4Container contentPane;public GuiFrame(String title) {super(title);this.setSize(330, 350);this.setLocation(350, 150);this.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);button = new JButton("匹配");button.setBounds(60, 168, 75, 30);button1 = new JButton("查看規(guī)則");button1.setBounds(150, 168, 100, 30);label = new JLabel("設(shè)置事實(shí):");label.setBounds(120, 2, 90, 50);label_result = new JLabel("最終結(jié)果是：");label_result.setBounds(60, 210, 200, 20);textField1 = new JTextField(16);textField1.setBounds(55, 40, 200, 23);textField2 = new JTextField(16);textField2.setBounds(55, 72, 200, 23);textField3 = new JTextField(16);textField3.setBounds(55, 104, 200, 23);textField4 = new JTextField(16);textField4.setBounds(55, 136, 200, 23);contentPane = this.getContentPane();contentPane.setLayout(null);// 添加控件contentPane.add(label);contentPane.add(textField1);contentPane.add(textField2);contentPane.add(textField3);contentPane.add(textField4);contentPane.add(button);contentPane.add(button1);contentPane.add(label_result);// 設(shè)置按鈕點(diǎn)擊作用button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {ArrayList al = new ArrayList();String str1 = textField1.getText();// 獲取輸入內(nèi)容if (!str1.equals("")) {al.add(str1);}String str2 = textField2.getText();// 獲取輸入內(nèi)容if (!str2.equals("")) {al.add(str2);}String str3 = textField3.getText();// 獲取輸入內(nèi)容if (!str3.equals("")) {al.add(str3);}String str4 = textField4.getText();// 獲取輸入內(nèi)容if (!str4.equals("")) {al.add(str4);}// 匹配Brain brain = new Brain();String result = brain.identify(al);// 結(jié)果界面label_result.setText("最終結(jié)果是:" + result);setVisible(true);}});button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {GuiRules gt=new GuiRules();}});this.setVisible(true);} }

GuiRules.java
主要用于展示規(guī)則庫(kù)的知識(shí)。

package chanshengsi01;import java.awt.Container; import java.util.ArrayList;import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel;public class GuiRules extends JFrame {JLabel l;String s;Rules rule;Rules[] r;Container contentPane;GuiRules() {super("查看規(guī)則");this.setSize(400, 400);this.setLocation(800, 150);this.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);contentPane = this.getContentPane();contentPane.setLayout(null);rule = new Rules();r = new Rules[10];r = rule.RuleInit();int x=0;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {ArrayList a = r[i].getCondition();s = "R"+i+": "+(String) a.get(0);for (int j = 1; j < a.size(); j++) {s = s + "+" + a.get(j);}s=s+"--->"+r[i].result;l=new JLabel(s);l.setBounds(20, x, 300, 100);x=x+20;contentPane.add(l);}this.setVisible(true);} }

Rules.java
規(guī)則庫(kù)

package chanshengsi01; import java.util.ArrayList;public class Rules {ArrayList condition;String result;int is_temp;int is_use = 0;Rules() {condition = new ArrayList();}public int getIs_use() {return is_use;}public void setIs_use(int is_use) {this.is_use = is_use;}public int getIs_temp() {return is_temp;}public void setIs_temp(int is_temp) {this.is_temp = is_temp;}public ArrayList getCondition() {return condition;}public void setCondition(ArrayList condition) {this.condition = (ArrayList) condition.clone();}public String getResult() {return result;}public void setResult(String result) {this.result = result;}public static Rules[] RuleInit() {Rules[] r = new Rules[10];Rules rule0 = new Rules();r[0] = rule0;ArrayList c0 = new ArrayList();c0.add("體型小");c0.add("有輪子");r[0].setCondition(c0);r[0].setResult("車(chē)");r[0].setIs_temp(1);Rules rule1 = new Rules();r[1] = rule1;ArrayList c1 = new ArrayList();c1.add("體型大");c1.add("流線(xiàn)型");r[1].setCondition(c1);r[1].setResult("飛機(jī)");r[1].setIs_temp(1);Rules rule2 = new Rules();r[2] = rule2;ArrayList c2 = new ArrayList();c2.add("天上飛的");r[2].setCondition(c2);r[2].setResult("飛機(jī)");r[2].setIs_temp(1);Rules rule3 = new Rules();r[3] = rule3;ArrayList c3 = new ArrayList();c3.add("水上游的");r[3].setCondition(c3);r[3].setResult("船");r[3].setIs_temp(1);Rules rule4 = new Rules();r[4] = rule4;ArrayList c4 = new ArrayList();c4.add("地上跑的");r[4].setCondition(c4);r[4].setResult("車(chē)");r[4].setIs_temp(1);Rules rule5 = new Rules();r[5] = rule5;ArrayList c5 = new ArrayList();c5.add("體型大");c5.add("冒黑煙");c5.add("船");r[5].setCondition(c5);r[5].setResult("輪船");r[5].setIs_temp(0);Rules rule6 = new Rules();r[6] = rule6;ArrayList c6 = new ArrayList();c6.add("飛機(jī)");c6.add("有機(jī)翼");r[6].setCondition(c6);r[6].setResult("航天飛機(jī)");r[6].setIs_temp(0);Rules rule7 = new Rules();r[7] = rule7;ArrayList c7 = new ArrayList();c7.add("飛機(jī)");c7.add("有螺旋槳");r[7].setCondition(c7);r[7].setResult("直升機(jī)");r[7].setIs_temp(0);Rules rule8 = new Rules();r[8] = rule8;ArrayList c8 = new ArrayList();c8.add("車(chē)");c8.add("四個(gè)輪");r[8].setCondition(c8);r[8].setResult("汽車(chē)");r[8].setIs_temp(0);Rules rule9 = new Rules();r[9] = rule9;ArrayList c9 = new ArrayList();c9.add("車(chē)");c9.add("兩個(gè)輪");r[9].setCondition(c9);r[9].setResult("兩輪車(chē)");r[9].setIs_temp(0);return r;} }

Postive.java
綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，用于接收用戶(hù)輸入的事實(shí)或者推理機(jī)產(chǎn)生的中間結(jié)果。

package chanshengsi01;import java.util.ArrayList;public class Postive {public ArrayList s1;Postive() {s1 = new ArrayList();}public ArrayList getS1() {return s1;}public void setS1(ArrayList s1) {this.s1 = (ArrayList) s1.clone();}public void delete() {this.s1.clear();} }

Brain.java
控制程序，控制推理機(jī)進(jìn)行推理。

package chanshengsi01; import java.util.ArrayList;public class Brain {GuiTemp gt;public String identify(ArrayList al) {String result = null;Postive p = new Postive();p.setS1(al);Check ch = new Check();Rules rule = new Rules();Rules[] r = new Rules[10];r = rule.RuleInit();int i;for (i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {if (r[i].getIs_use() == 0 && ch.checkRule(r[i].getCondition(), p.getS1()) == 1) {if (r[i].getIs_temp() == 0) {// 如果不是中間值，打印最終結(jié)果；result = r[i].getResult();break;} else {r[i].setIs_use(1);// 如果是中間值，顯示出來(lái)，并把結(jié)論加到postive中// 顯示中間結(jié)果界面gt = new GuiTemp(r[i]);p.s1.add(r[i].getResult());// 進(jìn)行下一輪匹配i = 0;}}}// 如果未匹配到，則機(jī)器不認(rèn)識(shí)if (i >= r.length) {result = "不認(rèn)識(shí)";}return result;} }

Check.java
用于推理匹配，檢查規(guī)則庫(kù)中是否有符合的知識(shí)。

package chanshengsi01;import java.util.ArrayList;public class Check {public int checkRule(ArrayList a1, ArrayList a2) {int length1 = a1.size();int length2 = a2.size();for (int i = 0; i < length1; i++) {String s1 = (String) a1.get(i);int j;for (j = 0; j < length2; j++) {String s2 = (String) a2.get(j);if (s1.equals(s2)) {break;}}if (j >= length2) {return 0;}}return 1;} }

GuiTemp.java
用于顯示中間結(jié)果，如果推理出中間結(jié)果，則顯示出來(lái)。

package chanshengsi01;import java.awt.Container; import java.util.ArrayList;import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel;public class GuiTemp extends JFrame {JLabel l1;Container contentPane;String s1="";public GuiTemp(Rules r) {super("推理出中間結(jié)果");this.setSize(200, 200);this.setLocation(800, 150);this.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);contentPane = this.getContentPane();contentPane.setLayout(null);ArrayList a=r.getCondition();s1=(String) a.get(0);for(int i=1;i<a.size();i++) {s1=s1+"+"+a.get(i);}s1=s1+"--->"+r.result;l1=new JLabel(s1);l1.setBounds(20, 20, 200, 100);contentPane.add(l1);this.setVisible(true);} }

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

主界面的截圖

查看規(guī)則后截圖：

匹配后截圖

總結(jié)

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