初始化CSS
為什么要初始化CSS？
????? 建站老手都知道，這是為了考慮到瀏覽器的兼容問題，其實不同瀏覽器對有些標簽的默認值是不同的，如果沒對CSS初始化往往會出現瀏覽器之間的頁面差異。當然，初始化樣式會對SEO有一定的影響，但魚和熊掌不可兼得，但力求影響最小的情況下初始化。
????? 最簡單的初始化方法就是： * {padding: 0; margin: 0;} 。有很多人也是這樣寫的。這確實很簡單，但有人就會感到疑問：*號這樣一個通用符在編寫代碼的時候是快，但如果網站很大，CSS樣式表文件很大，這樣寫的話，他會把所有的標簽都初始化一遍，這樣就大大的加強了網站運行的負載，會使網站加載的時候需要很長一段時間。
????? 寫過css的都知道每個網頁引進的css首先都需要初始化，而出名的css reset有YUI css reset（QQ、淘寶等都出現他的影子），業內用的最多的還有Erik Meyer’s CSS Reset。
????? CSS初始化是指重設瀏覽器的樣式。不同的瀏覽器默認的樣式可能不盡相同，所以開發時的第一件事可能就是如何把它們統一。如果沒對CSS初始化往往會出現瀏覽器之間的頁面差異。每次新開發網站或新網頁時候通過初始化CSS樣式的屬性，為我們將用到的CSS或html標簽更加方便準確，使得我們開發網頁內容時更加方便簡潔，同時減少CSS代碼量，節約網頁下載時間。
?通用初始化樣式 1
body{margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: "微軟雅黑";
overflow: hidden;
}
body,html{
-webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
*{
text-decoration: none;
list-style: none;
}
img{border: 0px;}
ul,li,dl,dd,dt,p,ol,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: 100;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.wrap{margin: 0 auto;}
.fl{float: left;}
.fr{float: right;}
.index{overflow: hidden;}
.clr{
clear:both;
height:0px;
width:100%;
font-size:1px;
line-height:0px;
visibility:hidden;
overflow:hidden;
}
.pointer{cursor:pointer;}
a,input,button{ outline:none; }
::-moz-focus-inner{border:0px;}
/*a:link {color:#0f0;text-decoration:none;}
a:visited {color: #FFFF00; text-decoration:none;}
a:hover {color: #00FF00; text-decoration:underline;}
a:active {color: #0000FF; text-decoration:underline;}*/
a{color: #000;}
.wrapper{clear: both;width: 100%;}
table { border-collapse:collapse; }
word-break:break-all /*文字換行*/
/*white-space:nowrap 文字不換行*/
/*默認滾動條樣式修改ie9 google Firefox 等高版本瀏覽器有效*/
/*::selection {background: #D03333;color: white;text-shadow: none;}
::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{width:10px;background-color:#f2f2f2}
::-webkit-scrollbar{width:10px;height:6px}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{height:50px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3);}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background:#cc0000}*/
/*漸變*/
/*background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #8fa1ff, #3757fa);
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0, #ff4f02), color-stop(1, #8f2c00));
Saf4+, Chrome filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#c6ff00', endColorstr='#538300', GradientType='0'); IE*/
?
另一種通用化樣式
/* CSS Document */ html, body, div, span, object, iframe,h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,abbr, address, cite, code,del, dfn, em, img, ins,kbd, q, samp,small, strong, sub, sup, var,b, i,dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,fieldset, form, label, legend,table, caption, tbody, tfoot,thead,tr, th, td,article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,time, mark, audio, video {margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;outline-style:none;/*FF*/ }body {line-height:1; }a{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;} a:hover,a:focus{text-decoration:none;bblr:expression(this.onFocus=this.blur());/*IE*/outline-style:none;/*FF*/ } table {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0; }input, select {vertical-align:middle; }/*css為clearfix，清除浮動*/ .clearfix::before, .clearfix::after{content: "";height: 0;line-height: 0;display: block;visibility: hidden;clear: both; } .clearfix:after{clear:both;} .clearfix{ *zoom:1;/*IE/7/6*/ }?
?
雅虎工程師提供的CSS初始化示例代碼
? ?
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,code,form,fieldset,legend,input,button,textarea,p,blockquote,th,td { margin:0; padding:0; }body { background:#fff; color:#555; font-size:14px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; }td,th,caption { font-size:14px; }h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-weight:normal; font-size:100%; }address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, strong, th, var { font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;}a { color:#555; text-decoration:none; }a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }img { border:none; }ol,ul,li { list-style:none; }input, textarea, select, button { font:14px Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; }table { border-collapse:collapse; }html {overflow-y: scroll;}.clearfix:after {content: "."; display: block; height:0; clear:both; visibility: hidden;}.clearfix { *zoom:1; }?
??? 騰訊官網 樣式初始化
? ??
body,ol,ul,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,th,td,dl,dd,form,fieldset,legend,input,textarea,select{margin:0;padding:0} body{font:12px"宋體","Arial Narrow",HELVETICA;background:#fff;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;} a{color:#2d374b;text-decoration:none} a:hover{color:#cd0200;text-decoration:underline} em{font-style:normal} li{list-style:none} img{border:0;vertical-align:middle} table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0} p{word-wrap:break-word}新浪官網 樣式初始化body,ul,ol,li,p,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,form,fieldset,table,td,img,div{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;} body{background:#fff;color:#333;font-size:12px; margin-top:5px;font-family:"SimSun","宋體","Arial Narrow";} ul,ol{list-style-type:none;} select,input,img,select{vertical-align:middle;} a{text-decoration:none;} a:link{color:#009;} a:visited{color:#800080;} a:hover,a:active,a:focus{color:#c00;text-decoration:underline;}?
??? 淘寶官網 樣式初始化
? ?
body, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, p, blockquote, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, pre, form, fieldset, legend, button, input, textarea, th, td { margin:0; padding:0; } body, button, input, select, textarea { font:12px/1.5tahoma, arial, \5b8b\4f53; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{ font-size:100%; } address, cite, dfn, em, var { font-style:normal; } code, kbd, pre, samp { font-family:couriernew, courier, monospace; } small{ font-size:12px; } ul, ol { list-style:none; } a { text-decoration:none; } a:hover { text-decoration:underline; } sup { vertical-align:text-top; } sub{ vertical-align:text-bottom; } legend { color:#000; } fieldset, img { border:0; } button, input, select, textarea { font-size:100%; } table { border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0; }?
??? 網易官網 樣式初始化
? ??
html {overflow-y:scroll;} body {margin:0; padding:29px00; font:12px"\5B8B\4F53",sans-serif;background:#ffffff;} div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,blockquote,p{padding:0; margin:0;} table,td,tr,th{font-size:12px;} li{list-style-type:none;} img{vertical-align:top;border:0;} ol,ul {list-style:none;} h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:12px; font-weight:normal;} address,cite,code,em,th {font-weight:normal; font-style:normal;}?
?下面順便給出admin10000.com 的html模板，用于每次新開發頁面使用。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh-cn"><head><title>網站標題 - Admin10000.com </title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="zh-CN" /><meta name="Author" content="網頁作者" /> <meta name="Copyright" content="網站版權" /> <meta name="keywords" content="網站關鍵字" /><meta name="description" content="網站描述" /><link rel="Shortcut Icon" href="網站.ico圖標路徑" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="CSS文件路徑" /><script type="text/javascript" src="JS文件路徑"></script></head><body></body> </html>?
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原文地址：?https://www.cnblogs.com/Gavinzhong/p/6995328.html
https://blog.csdn.net/Dj_Fairy/article/details/78748329
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一些其他的初始化樣式
1.
body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, fieldset, input, p, blockquote, th, td { margin:0; padding:0; } body { font-size:12px; color:#666; font-family:Verdana, Microsoft YaHei, Simsun; background:#fff; line-height:24px; } fieldset, img { border:0; } ol, ul { list-style:none; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{ font-size:100%; } em { font-style:normal; } input, button, select, textarea { outline:none; } textarea { resize:none; } //禁用了文本的拖拉，尤其在谷歌下 p{ text-align:justify; text-justify:distribute;} //為了使文本段落左右兩邊對齊 a { color: #666; text-decoration:none; } a:hover { color: #f60; text-decoration:none; }2.
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, address, code, em, img, strong, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, tbody, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; } 意思是頁面中的所有html標簽、body標簽、div標簽、span標簽.......tr標簽、th標簽、td標簽的填充、邊距、邊框、外邊線都為0，其中outline是ie不支持，在ff下是外邊線，比如用它可以改變元素聚焦時候的虛線樣式。?
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaoxiaohe555/p/9590391.html
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